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Register a new userThe XXL Survey. XLI. Radio AGN luminosity functions based on the GMRT $610 mathrm{MHz}$ continuum observations
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We study the space density evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGN) using the $610 mathrm{MHz}$ radio survey of the XXL-North field, performed with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). The survey covers an area of $30.4 mathrm{deg}^2$, with a beamsize of $6.5 mathrm{arcsec}$. The survey is divided into two parts, one covering an area of $11.9 mathrm{deg}^2$ with $1 sigma$ rms noise of $200 mathrm{mu Jy beam^{-1}}$ and the other spanning $18.5 mathrm{deg}^2$ with rms noise of $45 mathrm{mu Jy beam^{-1}}$. We extracted the catalog of radio components above $7 sigma$. The catalog was cross-matched with a multi-wavelength catalog of the XXL-North field (covering about $80 %$ of the radio XXL-North field) using a likelihood ratio method, which determines the counterparts based on their positions and their optical properties. The multi-component sources were matched visually with the aid of a computer code: Multi-Catalog Visual Cross-Matching (MCVCM). A flux density cut above $1 mathrm{mJy}$ selects AGN hosts with a high purity in terms of star formation contamination based on the available source counts. After cross-matching and elimination of observational biases arising from survey incompletenesses, the number of remaining sources was $1150$. We constructed the rest-frame $1.4 mathrm{GHz}$ radio luminosity functions of these sources using the maximum volume method. This survey allows us to probe luminosities of $ 23 lesssim log(L_{1.4 mathrm{GHz}}[mathrm{W/Hz}]) lesssim 28$ up to redshifts of $z approx 2.1$. Our results are consistent with the results from the literature in which AGN are comprised of two differently evolving populations, where the high luminosity end of the luminosity functions evolves more strongly than the low-luminosity end.
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In this paper we present a wide-area 610 MHz survey of the ELAIS,N1 field with the GMRT, covering an area of 12.8 deg$^2$ at a resolution of 6 arcsec and with an rms noise of $sim 40$ $mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$. This is equivalent to $sim 20$ $mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$ rms noise at 1.4 GHz for a spectral index of $-0.75$. The primary goal of the survey was to study the polarised sky at sub-mJy flux densities at $<$ GHz frequencies. In addition, a range of other science goals, such as investigations in to the nature of the low-frequency $mu$Jy source populations and alignments of radio jets. A total of 6,400 sources were found in this region, the vast majority of them compact. The sample jointly detected by GMRT at 610 MHz and by VLA FIRST at 1.4,GHz has a median spectral index of $-0.85 pm 0.05$ and a median 610 MHz flux density of 4.5 mJy. This region has a wealth of ancillary data which is useful to characterize the detected sources. The multi-wavelength cross matching resulted optical/IR counterparts to $sim 90$ per~cent of the radio sources, with a significant fraction having at least photometric redshift. Due to the improved sensitivity of this survey over preceding ones, we have discovered six giant radio sources (GRS), with three of them at $z sim 1$ or higher. This implies that the population of GRS may be more abundant and common than known to date and if true this has implications for the luminosity function and the evolution of radio sources. We have also identified several candidate extended relic sources.
We present 610-MHz Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations of 0.84 deg$^2$ of the AMI001 field (centred on $00^{rm h} 23^{rm m} 10^{rm s}$, $+31^{circ} 53$) with an r.m.s. noise of 18 $mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$ in the centre of the field. 955 sources are detected, and 814 are included in the source count analysis. The source counts from these observations are consistent with previous work. We have used these data to study the spectral index distribution of a sample of sources selected at 15.7 GHz from the recent deep extension to the Tenth Cambridge (10C) survey. The median spectral index, $alpha$, (where $S propto u^{-alpha}$) between $0.08 < S_{15.7~rm GHz} / rm mJy < 0.2$ is $0.32 pm 0.14$, showing that star-forming galaxies, which have much steeper spectra, are not contributing significantly to this population. This is in contrast to several models, but in agreement with the results from the 10C ultra-deep source counts; the high-frequency sky therefore continues to be dominated by radio galaxies down to $S_{15.7~rm GHz} = 0.1$ mJy.
We report on the discovery of three new pulsars in the first blind survey of the north Galactic plane (45 degrees < l < 135 degrees; |b| < 1 degrees with the Giant Meterwave Radio telescope (GMRT) at an intermediate frequency of 610 MHz. The survey covered 106 square degrees with a sensitivity of roughly 1 mJy to long-period pulsars (pulsars with period longer than 1 s). The three new pulsars have periods of 318, 933, and 1056 ms. Their timing parameters and flux densities, obtained in follow up observations with the Lovell Telescope at Jodrell Bank and the GMRT, are presented. We also report on pulse nulling behaviour in one of the newly discovered pulsars, PSR J2208+5500.
The main goal of this study is to investigate the LF of a sample of 142 X-ray selected clusters, with spectroscopic redshift confirmation and a well defined selection function, spanning a wide redshift and mass range, and to test the LF dependence on cluster global properties, in a homogeneous and unbiased way. Our study is based on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) photometric galaxy catalogue,associated with photometric redshifts. We constructed LFs inside a scaled radius using a selection in photometric redshift around the cluster spectroscopic redshift in order to reduce projection effects. The width of the photometric redshift selection was carefully determined to avoid biasing the LF and depended on both the cluster redshift and the galaxy magnitudes. The purity was then enhanced by applying a precise background subtraction. We constructed composite luminosity functions (CLFs) by stacking the individual LFs and studied their evolution with redshift and richness, analysing separately the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) and non-BCG members. We fitted the dependences of the CLFs and BCG distributions parameters with redshift and richness conjointly in order to distinguish between these two effects. We find that the usual photometric redshift selection methods can bias the LF estimate if the redshift and magnitude dependence of the photometric redshift quality is not taken into account. Our main findings concerning the evolution of the galaxy luminosity distribution with redshift and richness are that, in the inner region of clusters and in the redshift-mass range we probe (about $0<z<1$ and $10^{13} M_{odot}<M_{500}<5times10^{14}M_{odot}$), the bright part of the LF (BCG excluded) does not depend much on mass or redshift except for its amplitude, whereas the BCG luminosity increases both with redshift and richness, and its scatter decreases with redshift.
We present Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope 610 MHz observations of 14 Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) clusters, including new data for nine. The sample includes 73% of ACT equatorial clusters with $M_{500} > 5 times 10^{14};M_odot$. We detect diffuse emission in three of these (27$^{+20}_{-14}$%): we detect a radio mini-halo in ACT-CL J0022.2$-$0036 at $z=0.8$, making it the highest-redshift mini-halo known; we detect potential radio relic emission in ACT-CL J0014.9$-$0057 ($z=0.533$); and we confirm the presence of a radio halo in low-mass cluster ACT-CL J0256.5+0006, with flux density $S_{610} = 6.3;pm;0.4$ mJy. We also detect residual diffuse emission in ACT-CL J0045.9$-$0152 ($z=0.545$), which we cannot conclusively classify. For systems lacking diffuse radio emission, we determine radio halo upper limits in two ways and find via survival analysis that these limits do not significantly affect radio power scaling relations. Several clusters with no diffuse emission detection are known or suspected mergers, based on archival X-ray and/or optical measures; given the limited sensitivity of our observations, deeper observations of these disturbed systems are required in order to rule out the presence of diffuse emission consistent with known scaling relations. In parallel with our diffuse emission results, we present catalogs of individual radio sources, including a few interesting extended sources. Our study represents the first step towards probing the occurrence of diffuse emission in high-redshift ($zgtrsim0.5$) clusters, and serves as a pilot for statistical studies of larger cluster samples with the new radio telescopes available in the pre-SKA era.
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