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Register a new userEfficient Algorithms for Approximating Quantum Partition Functions
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Added by
Ryan Mann
Publication date
2020
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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We establish a polynomial-time approximation algorithm for partition functions of quantum spin models at high temperature. Our algorithm is based on the quantum cluster expansion of Netov{c}ny and Redig and the cluster expansion approach to designing algorithms due to Helmuth, Perkins, and Regts. Similar results have previously been obtained by related methods, and our main contribution is a simple and slightly sharper analysis for the case of pairwise interactions on bounded-degree graphs.
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We give new quantum algorithms for evaluating composed functions whose inputs may be shared between bottom-level gates. Let $f$ be an $m$-bit Boolean function and consider an $n$-bit function $F$ obtained by applying $f$ to conjunctions of possibly overlapping subsets of $n$ variables. If $f$ has quantum query complexity $Q(f)$, we give an algorithm for evaluating $F$ using $tilde{O}(sqrt{Q(f) cdot n})$ quantum queries. This improves on the bound of $O(Q(f) cdot sqrt{n})$ that follows by treating each conjunction independently, and our bound is tight for worst-case choices of $f$. Using completely different techniques, we prove a similar tight composition theorem for the approximate degree of $f$. By recursively applying our composition theorems, we obtain a nearly optimal $tilde{O}(n^{1-2^{-d}})$ upper bound on the quantum query complexity and approximate degree of linear-size depth-$d$ AC$^0$ circuits. As a consequence, such circuits can be PAC learned in subexponential time, even in the challenging agnostic setting. Prior to our work, a subexponential-time algorithm was not known even for linear-size depth-3 AC$^0$ circuits. As an additional consequence, we show that AC$^0 circ oplus$ circuits of depth $d+1$ require size $tilde{Omega}(n^{1/(1- 2^{-d})}) geq omega(n^{1+ 2^{-d}} )$ to compute the Inner Product function even on average. The previous best size lower bound was $Omega(n^{1+4^{-(d+1)}})$ and only held in the worst case (Cheraghchi et al., JCSS 2018).
We achieve a quantum speed-up of fully polynomial randomized approximation schemes (FPRAS) for estimating partition functions that combine simulated annealing with the Monte-Carlo Markov Chain method and use non-adaptive cooling schedules. The improvement in time complexity is twofold: a quadratic reduction with respect to the spectral gap of the underlying Markov chains and a quadratic reduction with respect to the parameter characterizing the desired accuracy of the estimate output by the FPRAS. Both reductions are intimately related and cannot be achieved separately. First, we use Grovers fixed point search, quantum walks and phase estimation to efficiently prepare approximate coherent encodings of stationary distributions of the Markov chains. The speed-up we obtain in this way is due to the quadratic relation between the spectral and phase gaps of classical and quantum walks. Second, we generalize the method of quantum counting, showing how to estimate expected values of quantum observables. Using this method instead of classical sampling, we obtain the speed-up with respect to accuracy.
Consider a planar graph $G=(V,E)$ with polynomially bounded edge weight function $w:Eto [0, poly(n)]$. The main results of this paper are NC algorithms for the following problems: - minimum weight perfect matching in $G$, - maximum cardinality and maximum weight matching in $G$ when $G$ is bipartite, - maximum multiple-source multiple-sink flow in $G$ where $c:Eto [1, poly(n)]$ is a polynomially bounded edge capacity function, - minimum weight $f$-factor in $G$ where $f:Vto [1, poly(n)]$, - min-cost flow in $G$ where $c:Eto [1, poly(n)]$ is a polynomially bounded edge capacity function and $b:Vto [1, poly(n)]$ is a polynomially bounded vertex demand function. There have been no known NC algorithms for any of these problems previously (Before this and independent paper by Anari and Vazirani). In order to solve these problems we develop a new relatively simple but versatile framework that is combinatorial in spirit. It handles the combinatorial structure of matchings directly and needs to only know weights of appropriately defined matchings from algebraic subroutines.
We develop an approximation algorithm for the partition function of the ferromagnetic Potts model on graphs with a small-set expansion condition, and as a step in the argument we give a graph partitioning algorithm with expansion and minimum degree conditions on the subgraphs induced by each part. These results extend previous work of Jenssen, Keevash, and Perkins (2019) on the Potts model and related problems in expander graphs, and of Oveis Gharan and Trevisan (2014) on partitioning into expanders.
Given a directed graph $G = (V, E)$, the $k$-path partition problem is to find a minimum collection of vertex-disjoint directed paths each of order at most $k$ to cover all the vertices of $V$. The problem has various applications in facility location, network monitoring, transportation and others. Its special case on undirected graphs has received much attention recently, but the general directed version is seemingly untouched in the literature. We present the first $k/2$-approximation algorithm, for any $k ge 3$, based on a novel concept of augmenting path to minimize the number of singletons in the partition. When $k ge 7$, we present an improved $(k+2)/3$-approximation algorithm based on the maximum path-cycle cover followed by a careful $2$-cycle elimination process. When $k = 3$, we define the second novel kind of augmenting paths and propose an improved $13/9$-approximation algorithm.
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