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Register a new userRefining the evaluation of eigen-emittances measured by the dedicated four-dimensional emittance scanner ROSE
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A dedicated device to fully determine the four-dimensional beam matrix, called ROSE (ROtating System for Emittance measurements) was successfully commissioned. Results obtained with 83Kr13+ at 1.4 MeV/u are reported in Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 19, 072802 (2016). Coupled moments were determined with an accuracy of about 10%, which is sufficiently low to reliably determine a lattice which could decouple the beam. However, the remaining uncertainty on the corresponding eigen emittances was still considerable high. The present paper reports on improvement of the evaluation procedure which lowers the inaccuracy of measured eigen emittances significantly to the percent level. The method is based on trimming directly measured data within their intrinsic measurement resolution such that the finally resulting quantity is determined with high precision.
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In a strongly nonlinear system the particle distribution in the phase space may develop long tails which contribution to the covariance (sigma) matrix should be suppressed for a correct estimate of the beam emittance. A method is offered based on Gaussian approximation of the original particle distribution in the phase space (Klimontovich distribution) which leads to an equation for the sigma matrix which provides efficient suppression of the tails and cannot be obtained by introducing weights. This equation is easily solved by iterations in the multi-dimensional case. It is also shown how the eigen-emittances and coupled optics functions can be retrieved from the sigma matrix in a strongly coupled system. Finally, the developed algorithm is applied to 6D ionization cooling of muons in HFOFO channel.
Particle beam eigen-emittances comprise the lowest set of rms-emittances that can be imposed to a beam through symplectic optical elements. For cases of practical relevance this paper introduces an approximation providing a very simple and powerful relation between transverse eigen-emittance variation and the beam phase integral. This relation enormously facilitates modeling eigen-emittance tailoring scenarios. It reveals that difference of eigen-emittances is given by the beam phase integral or vorticity rather than by angular momentum. Within the approximation any beam is equivalent to two objects rotating at angular velocities of same strength and different sign. A description through circular beam modes has been done already in [A. Burov, S. Nagaitsev, and Y. Derbenev, Circular modes, beam adapters, and their applications in beam optics, Phys. Rev. E 66, 016503 (2002)]. The new relation presented here is a complementary and vivid approach to provide a physical picture of the nature of eigen-emittances for cases of practical interest.
Particle beams provided by accelerators occupy a finite volume of the four dimensional transverse phase space. The latter is spanned by the four degrees of freedom, i.e., horizontal/vertical position and momentum. This volume is referred to as emittance. Horizontal and vertical emittances are obtained through projections onto the two transverse sub-phase spaces. Eigen-emittances are obtained from the latter by removing all horizontal-vertical correlations through an appropriate beam optics section. Canonical vorticity flux is used for instance for modelling dynamics of tubes formed by magnetic field lines and particle currents embedded into plasmas. This report is on the relation of eigen-emittances and canonical vorticity flux. Change of beam eigen-emittances is equivalent to change of beam canonical vorticity flux.
Within the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU), the new LINAC4 is currently being commissioned to replace the existing LINAC2 proton source at CERN. After the expected completion at the end of 2016, the LINAC4 will accelerate H- ions to 160 MeV. To measure the transverse emittance of the H- beam, a method based on photo-detachment is proposed. This system will operate using a pulsed laser with light delivered via an optical fibre and subsequently focused through a thin slice of the H- beam. The laser photons have sufficient energy to detach the outer electron and create H0/e- pairs. In a downstream dipole, the created H0 particles are separated from the unstripped H- ions and their distribution is measured with a dedicated detector. By scanning the focused laser across the H- beam, the transverse emittance of the H- beam can be reconstructed. This paper will first discuss the concept, design and simulations of the laser
A non-invasive, compact laserwire system has been developed to measure the transverse emittance of an H- beam and has been demonstrated at the new LINAC4 injector for the LHC at CERN. Light from a low power, pulsed laser source is conveyed via fibre to collide with the H- beam, a fraction of which is neutralized and then intercepted by a downstream diamond detector. Scanning the focused laser across the H- beam and measuring the distribution of the photo-neutralized particles enables the transverse emittance to be reconstructed. The vertical phase-space distribution of a 3 MeV beam during LINAC4 commissioning has been measured by the laserwire and verified with a conventional slit and grid method.
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