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Register a new userSchwinger Effect in Near-extremal Charged Black Holes in High Dimensions
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We study the Schwinger effect in near-extremal nonrotating black holes in an arbitrary $D(geq 4)$-dimensional asymptotically flat and (A)dS space. Using the near-horizon geometry $mathrm{AdS}_2 times mathrm{S}^{D-2}$ of near-extremal black holes with Myers-Perry metric, we find a universal expression of the emission formula for charges that is a multiplication of the Schwinger effects in an $mathrm{AdS}_2$ space and in a two-dimensional Rindler space. The effective temperature of an accelerated charge for the Schwinger effect is determined by the radii of the effective $mathrm{AdS}_2$ space and $mathrm{S}^{D-2}$ as well as the mass, charge, angular momentum of the charge and the radius of the (A)dS space. The Schwinger effect in the asymptotically flat space is more efficient and persistent for a wide range of large black holes for dimensions higher than four. The AdS (dS) boundary enhances (suppresses) the Schwinger effect than the asymptotically flat space. The Schwinger effect persists for a wide range of black holes in the AdS space and has an upper bound in the dS space.
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Using the symmetry of the near-horizon geometry and applying quantum field theory of a complex scalar field, we study the spontaneous pair production of charged scalars from near-extremal rotating, electrically and/or magnetically charged black holes. Analytical expressions for pair production, vacuum persistence and absorption cross section are found, and the spectral distribution is given a thermal interpretation. The pair production in near-extremal black holes has a factorization into the Schwinger effect in AdS and Schwinger effect in Rindler space, measuring the deviational from extremality. The associated holographical correspondence is confirmed at the 2-point function level by comparing the absorption cross section ratio as well as the pair production rate both from the gravity and the conformal field theories. The production of monopoles is discussed.
We propose a thermal interpretation of the Schwinger effect for charged scalars and spinors in an extremal and near-extremal Reissner-Nordstr{o}m (RN) black hole. The emission of charges has the distribution with an effective temperature determined by the Davies-Unruh temperature for accelerating charges by the electric field and the scalar curvature of AdS_2 from the near-horizon geometry AdS_2 X S^2. We find a charge bound for the extremal micro black hole to remain stable against the Schwinger emission in analogy with the Breitenlohlner-Freedman bound for the AdS space. In the in-out formalism we find the one-loop QED effective action consistent with the vacuum persistence and interpret the vacuum persistence as the leading Schwinger effect and the effect of a charged vacuum of the Coulomb field.
We study the Schwinger effect in near-extremal Reissner-Nordstr{o}m (RN) black holes with electric and/or magnetic charges in the (Anti-) de Sitter (AdS) space. The formula for the Schwinger effect takes a universal form for near-extremal black holes with the near-horizon geometry of ${rm AdS}_2 times S^2$ and with the proper radii for the ${rm AdS}_2$ space and the two-sphere $S^2$, regardless of the asymptotically flat or (A)dS space. The asymptotic AdS boundary enhances and the dS boundary suppresses the Schwinger effect and the small radius of the AdS (dS) space reinforces the enhancement and suppression.
The spontaneous pair production of charged scalars in a near extremal Kerr-Newman (KN) black hole is analytically studied. It is shown that the existence condition for the pair production is equivalent to the violation of the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound in an AdS$_2$ space. The mean number of produced pairs in the extremal black hole has a thermal interpretation, in which the effective temperature for the Schwinger effect in the AdS$_2$ space persistently holds, while the mean number in the near extremal black hole has an additional factor of the Schwinger effect in the Rindler space. In addition, the holographic dual conformal field theory (CFT) descriptions of the charged scalar pair production are respectively realized both in the $J$ and $Q$ pictures in terms of the KN/CFTs correspondence.
Black holes display universal behavior near extremality. One such feature is the late-time blowup of derivatives of linearized perturbations across the horizon. For generic initial data, this instability is regulated by backreaction, and the final state is a near-extremal black hole. The aim of this paper is to study the late time behavior of such black holes analytically using the weakly broken conformal symmetry of their near-horizon region. In particular, gravitational backreaction is accounted for within the Jackiw-Teitelboim model for near-horizon, near-extremal dynamics coupled to bulk matter.
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