We present the first laser spectroscopic measurement of the neutron-rich nucleus $^{68}$Ni at the mbox{$N=40$} subshell closure and extract its nuclear charge radius. Since this is the only short-lived isotope for which the dipole polarizability $alpha_{rm D}$ has been measured, the combination of these observables provides a benchmark for nuclear structure theory. We compare them to novel coupled-cluster calculations based on different chiral two- and three-nucleon interactions, for which a strong correlation between the charge radius and dipole polarizability is observed, similar to the stable nucleus $^{48}$Ca. Three-particle--three-hole correlations in coupled-cluster theory substantially improve the description of the experimental data, which allows to constrain the neutron radius and neutron skin of $^{68}$Ni.