No Arabic abstract
A Hausdorff topological space $X$ is called $textit{superconnected}$ (resp. $textit{coregular}$) if for any nonempty open sets $U_1,dots U_nsubseteq X$, the intersection of their closures $bar U_1capdotscapbar U_n$ is not empty (resp. the complement $Xsetminus (bar U_1capdotscapbar U_n)$ is a regular topological space). A canonical example of a coregular superconnected space is the projective space $mathbb Qmathsf P^infty$ of the topological vector space $mathbb Q^{<omega}={(x_n)_{ninomega}in mathbb Q^{omega}:|{ninomega:x_n e 0}|<omega}$ over the field of rationals $mathbb Q$. The space $mathbb Qmathsf P^infty$ is the quotient space of $mathbb Q^{<omega}setminus{0}^omega$ by the equivalence relation $xsim y$ iff $mathbb Q{cdot}x=mathbb Q{cdot}y$. We prove that every countable second-countable coregular space is homeomorphic to a subspace of $mathbb Qmathsf P^infty$, and a topological space $X$ is homeomorphic to $mathbb Qmathsf P^infty$ if and only if $X$ is countable, second-countable, and admits a decreasing sequence of closed sets $(X_n)_{ninomega}$ such that (i) $X_0=X$, $bigcap_{ninomega}X_n=emptyset$, (ii) for every $ninomega$ and a nonempty open set $Usubseteq X_n$ the closure $bar U$ contains some set $X_m$, and (iii) for every $ninomega$ the complement $Xsetminus X_n$ is a regular topological space. Using this topological characterization of $mathbb Qmathsf P^infty$ we find topological copies of the space $mathbb Qmathsf P^infty$ among quotient spaces, orbit spaces of group actions, and projective spaces of topological vector spaces over countable topological fields.
Given a dynamical system $(X,f)$, we let $E(X,f)$ denote its Ellis semigroup and $E(X,f)^* = E(X,f) setminus {f^n : n in mathbb{N}}$. We analyze the Ellis semigroup of a dynamical system having a compact metric countable space as a phase space. We show that if $(X,f)$ is a dynamical system such that $X$ is a compact metric countable space and every accumulation point $X$ is periodic, then either each function of $E(X,f)^*$ is continuous or each function of $E(X,f)^*$ is discontinuous. We describe an example of a dynamical system $(X,f)$ where $X$ is a compact metric countable space, the orbit of each accumulation point is finite and $E(X,f)^*$ contains continuous and discontinuous functions.
The Grothendieck property has become important in research on the definability of pathological Banach spaces [CI], [HT], and especially [HT20]. We here answer a question of Arhangelskiu{i} by proving it undecidable whether countably tight spaces with Lindelof finite powers are Grothendieck. We answer another of his questions by proving that $mathrm{PFA}$ implies Lindelof countably tight spaces are Grothendieck. We also prove that various other consequences of $mathrm{MA}_{omega_1}$ and $mathrm{PFA}$ considered by Arhangelskiu{i}, Okunev, and Reznichenko are not theorems of $mathrm{ZFC}$.
It is proved that the existence of a countable extremally disconnected Boolean topological group containing a family of open subgroups whose intersection has empty interior implies the existence of a rapid ultrafilter.
It is proved that any countable topological group in which the filter of neighborhoods of the identity element is not rapid contains a discrete set with precisely one nonisolated point. This gives a negative answer to Protasovs question on the existence in ZFC of a countable nondiscrete group in which all discrete subsets are closed. It is also proved that the existence of a countable nondiscrete extremally disconnected group implies the existence of a rapid ultrafilter and, hence, a countable nondiscrete extremally disconnected group cannot be constructed in ZFC.
A topological gyrogroup is a gyrogroup endowed with a topology such that the binary operation is jointly continuous and the inverse mapping is also continuous. In this paper, it is proved that if $G$ is a sequential topological gyrogroup with an $omega^{omega}$-base, then $G$ has the strong Pytkeev property. Moreover, some equivalent conditions about $omega^{omega}$-base and strong Pytkeev property are given in Baire topological gyrogroups. Finally, it is shown that if $G$ is a strongly countably complete strongly topological gyrogroup, then $G$ contains a closed, countably compact, admissible subgyrogroup $P$ such that the quotient space $G/P$ is metrizable and the canonical homomorphism $pi :Grightarrow G/P$ is closed.