We prove that a uniform pro-p group with no nonabelian free subgroups has a normal series with torsion-free abelian factors. We discuss this in relation to unique product groups. We also consider generalizations of Hantzsche-Wendt groups.
Let $A$ be the ring of elements in an algebraic function field $K$ over a finite field $F_q$ which are integral outside a fixed place $infty$. In an earlier paper we have shown that the Drinfeld modular group $G=GL_2(A)$ has automorphisms which map congruence subgroups to non-congruence subgroups. Here we prove the existence of (uncountably many) normal genuine non-congruence subgroups, defined to be those which remain non-congruence under the action of every automorphism of $G$. In addition, for all but finitely many cases we evaluate $ngncs(G)$, the smallest index of a normal genuine non-congruence subgroup of $G$, and compare it to the minimal index of an arbitrary normal non-congruence subgroup.
Every sequence of orbifolds corresponding to pairwise non-conjugate congruence lattices in a higher rank semisimple group over local fields of zero characteristic is Benjamini--Schramm convergent to the universal cover.
We study the subgroup structure of the etale fundamental group $Pi$ of a projective curve over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. We obtain an analog of the diamond theorem for $Pi$. As a consequence we show that most normal subgroups of infinite index are semi-free. In particular every proper open subgroup of a normal subgroup of infinite index is semi-free.
Following Isaacs (see [Isa08, p. 94]), we call a normal subgroup N of a finite group G large, if $C_G(N) leq N$, so that N has bounded index in G. Our principal aim here is to establish some general results for systematically producing large subgroups in finite groups (see Theorems A and C). We also consider the more specialised problems of finding large (non-abelian) nilpotent as well as abelian subgroups in soluble groups.
Malnormal subgroups occur in various contexts. We review a large number of examples, and we compare the situation in this generality to that of finite Frobenius groups of permutations. In a companion paper [HaWe], we analyse when peripheral subgroups of knot groups and 3-manifold groups are malnormal.