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Register a new userElectromagnetic-gravitational perturbations of Kerr-Newman spacetime: the Teukolsky and Regge-Wheeler equations
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Elena Giorgi
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We derive the equations governing the linear stability of Kerr-Newman spacetime to coupled electromagnetic-gravitational perturbations. The equations generalize the celebrated Teukolsky equation for curvature perturbations of Kerr, and the Regge-Wheeler equation for metric perturbations of Reissner-Nordstrom. Because of the apparent indissolubility of the coupling between the spin-1 and spin-2 fields, as put by Chandrasekhar, the stability of Kerr-Newman spacetime can not be obtained through standard decomposition in modes. Due to the impossibility to decouple the modes of the gravitational and electromagnetic fields, the equations governing the linear stability of Kerr-Newman have not been previously derived. Using a tensorial approach that was applied to Kerr, we produce a set of generalized Regge-Wheeler equations for perturbations of Kerr-Newman, which are suitable for the study of linearized stability by physical space methods. The physical space analysis overcomes the issue of coupling of spin-1 and spin-2 fields and represents the first step towards an analytical proof of the stability of the Kerr-Newman black hole.
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We develop a formalism to treat higher order (nonlinear) metric perturbations of the Kerr spacetime in a Teukolsky framework. We first show that solutions to the linearized Einstein equation with nonvanishing stress tensor can be decomposed into a pure gauge part plus a zero mode (infinitesimal perturbation of the mass and spin) plus a perturbation arising from a certain scalar (Debye-Hertz) potential, plus a so-called corrector tensor. The scalar potential is a solution to the spin $-2$ Teukolsky equation with a source. This source, as well as the tetrad components of the corrector tensor, are obtained by solving certain decoupled ordinary differential equations involving the stress tensor. As we show, solving these ordinary differential equations reduces simply to integrations in the coordinate $r$ in outgoing Kerr-Newman coordinates, so in this sense, the problem is reduced to the Teukolsky equation with source, which can be treated by a separation of variables ansatz. Since higher order perturbations are subject to a linearized Einstein equation with a stress tensor obtained from the lower order perturbations, our method also applies iteratively to the higher order metric perturbations, and could thus be used to analyze the nonlinear coupling of perturbations in the near-extremal Kerr spacetime, where weakly turbulent behavior has been conjectured to occur. Our method could also be applied to the study of perturbations generated by a pointlike body traveling on a timelike geodesic in Kerr, which is relevant to the extreme mass ratio inspiral problem.
The Carter tensor is a Killing tensor of the Kerr-Newman spacetime, and its existence implies the separability of the wave equation. Nevertheless, the Carter operator is known to commute with the DAlembertian only in the case of a Ricci-flat metric. We show that, even though the Kerr-Newman spacetime satisfies the non-vacuum Einstein-Maxwell equations, its curvature and electromagnetic tensors satisfy peculiar properties which imply that the Carter operator still commutes with the wave equation. This feature allows to adapt to Kerr-Newman the physical-space analysis of the wave equation in Kerr by Andersson-Blue, which avoids frequency decomposition of the solution by precisely making use of the commutation with the Carter operator. We also extend the mathematical framework of physical-space analysis to the case of the Einstein-Maxwell equations on Kerr-Newman spacetime, representing coupled electromagnetic-gravitational perturbations of the rotating charged black hole. The physical-space analysis is crucial in this setting as the coupling of spin-1 and spin-2 fields in the axially symmetric background prevents the separation in modes as observed by Chandrasekhar, and therefore represents an important step towards an analytical proof of the stability of the Kerr-Newman black hole.
We extend previous work [arXiv:1908.09095] to the case of Maxwells equations with a source. Our work shows how to construct a retarded vector potential for the Maxwell field on the Kerr-Newman background in a radiation gauge. As in our previous work, the vector potential has a reconstructed term obtained from a Hertz potential solving Teukolskys equation with a source, and a correction term which is obtainable by a simple integration along outgoing principal null rays. The singularity structure of our vector potential is discussed in the case of a point particle source.
We revisit the spectrum of linear axisymmetric gravitational perturbations of the (near-)extreme Kerr black hole. Our aim is to characterise those perturbations that are responsible for the deviations away from extremality, and to contrast them with the linearized perturbations treated in the Newman-Penrose formalism. For the near horizon region of the (near-)extreme Kerr solution, i.e. the (near-)NHEK background, we provide a complete characterisation of axisymmetric modes. This involves an infinite tower of propagating modes together with the much subtler low-lying mode sectors that contain the deformations driving the black hole away from extremality. Our analysis includes their effects on the line element, their contributions to Iyer-Wald charges around the NHEK geometry, and how to reconstitute them as gravitational perturbations on Kerr. We present in detail how regularity conditions along the angular variables modify the dynamical properties of the low-lying sector, and in particular their role in the new developments of nearly-AdS$_2$ holography.
We use Heun type solutions given in cite{Suzuki} for the radial Teukolsky equation, written in the background metric of the Kerr-Newman-de Sitter geometry, to calculate the quasinormal frequencies for polynomial solutions and the reflection coefficient for waves coming from the de Sitter horizon and reflected at the outer horizon of the black hole.
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