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Register a new userProbing $emu$ flavor-violating ALP at Belle II
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Recently, it was pointed out that the electron and muon g-2 discrepancies can be explained simultaneously by a flavor-violating axion-like particle (ALP). We show that the parameter regions favored by the muon g-2 are already excluded by the muonium-antimuonium oscillation bound. In contrast, those for the electron g-2 can be consistent with this bound when the ALP is heavier than 1.5 GeV. We propose to search for a signature of the same-sign and same-flavor lepton pairs and the forward-backward muon asymmetry to test the model at the Belle II experiment.
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We study charged lepton flavor violation associated with a light leptophilic axion-like particle (ALP), $X$, at the $B$-factory experiment Belle II. We focus on production of the ALP in the tau decays $tau to X l$ with $l=e,mu$, followed by its decay via $Xto l^- l^+$. The ALP can be either promptly decaying or long-lived. We perform Monte-Carlo simulations, recasting a prompt search at Belle for lepton-flavor-violating $tau$ decays, and propose a displaced-vertex (DV) search. For both types of searches, we derive the Belle~II sensitivity reaches in both the product of branching fractions and the ALP coupling constants, as functions of the ALP mass and lifetime. The results show that the DV search exceeds the sensitivity reach of the prompt search to the relevant branching fractions by up to about a factor of 40 in the long decay length regime.
The discrepancy between the measured value and the Standard Model prediction of the muon anomalous magnetic moment is one of the most important issues in the particle physics. It is known that introducing a mediator boson X with the $mu tau$ lepton flavor violating (LFV) couplings is one good solution to explain the discrepancy, due to the $tau$ mass enhancement in the one-loop correction. In this paper, we study the signal of this model, i.e. the same-sign leptons, in the Belle II experiment, assuming the flavor-diagonal couplings are suppressed. We show that the Belle II experiment is highly sensitive to the scenario in the mediator mass range of ${cal O}(1-10)$~GeV, using the $e^+e^- to mu^pmtau^mp X tomu^pm mu^pm tau^mp tau^mp$ process induced by the $X$.
The lepton flavor violating process $J/psito ll (l eq l)$ serves as an ideal place to probe the unparticle theory. Such process can only occur at loop level in the Standard model (SM), so that should be very suppressed, by contrast in unparticle scenario, it happens at tree level and its contribution may be sizable for practical measurement. Moreover, the BESIII will offer the largest database on $J/psi$ which makes more accurate measurements possible. Furthermore, for such purely leptonic decays background is relatively low and signal would be cleaner. Our work carefully investigates the possibility of observing such processes from both theoretical and experimental aspects.
We have searched for neutrinoless $tau$ lepton decays into $ell$ and $V^0$, where $ell$ stands for an electron or muon, and $V^0$ for a vector meson ($phi$, $omega$, $K^{*0}$, $bar{K}^{*0}$ or $rho^0$), using 543 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. No excess of signal events over the expected background has been observed, and we set upper limits on the branching fractions in the range $(5.9-18) times 10^{-8}$ at the 90% confidence level. These upper limits include the first results for the $ell omega$ mode as well as new limits that are significantly more restrictive than our previous results for the $ell phi$, $ell K^{*0}$, $ell bar{K}^{*0}$ and $ell rho^0$ modes.
Many dark matter models generically predict invisible and displaced signatures at Belle II, but even striking events may be missed by the currently implemented search programme because of inefficient trigger algorithms. Of particular interest are final states with a single photon accompanied by missing energy and a displaced pair of electrons, muons, or hadrons. We argue that a displaced vertex trigger will be essential to achieve optimal sensitivity at Belle II. To illustrate this point, we study a simple but well-motivated model of thermal inelastic dark matter in which this signature naturally occurs and show that otherwise inaccessible regions of parameter space can be tested with such a search. We also evaluate the sensitivity of single-photon searches at BaBar and Belle II to this model and provide detailed calculations of the relic density target.
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