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Register a new userEfficient Information Reconciliation for Energy-Time Entanglement Quantum Key Distribution
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Added by
Siyi Yang
Publication date
2020
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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Graph based codes such as low density parity check (LDPC) codes have been shown promising for the information reconciliation phase in quantum key distribution (QKD). However, existing graph coding schemes have not fully utilized the properties of the QKD channel. In this work, we first investigate the channel statistics for discrete variable (DV) QKD based on energy-time entangled photons. We then establish a so-called balanced modulation scheme that is promising for this channel. Based on the modulation, we propose a joint local-global graph coding scheme that is expected to achieve good error-correction performance.
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A Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol describes how two remote parties can establish a secret key by communicating over a quantum and a public classical channel that both can be accessed by an eavesdropper. QKD protocols using energy-time entangled photon pairs are of growing practical interest because of their potential to provide a higher secure key rate over long distances by carrying multiple bits per entangled photon pair. We consider a system where information can be extracted by measuring random times of a sequence of entangled photon arrivals. Our goal is to maximize the utility of each such pair. We propose a discrete time model for the photon arrival process, and establish a theoretical bound on the number of raw bits that can be generated under this model. We first analyse a well known simple binning encoding scheme, and show that it generates significantly lower information rate than what is theoretically possible. We then propose three adaptive schemes that increase the number of raw bits generated per photon, and compute and compare the information rates they offer. Moreover, the effect of public channel communication on the secret key rates of the proposed schemes is investigated.
Information reconciliation (IR) corrects the errors in sifted keys and ensures the correctness of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. Polar codes-based IR schemes can achieve high reconciliation efficiency, however, the incidental high frame error rate decreases the secure key rate of QKD systems. In this article, we propose a Shannon-limit approached (SLA) IR scheme, which mainly contains two phases: the forward reconciliation phase and the acknowledgment reconciliation phase. In the forward reconciliation phase, the sifted key is divided into sub-blocks and performed with the improved block checked successive cancellation list (BC-SCL) decoder of polar codes. Afterwards, only the failure corrected sub-blocks perform the additional acknowledgment reconciliation phase, which decreases the frame error rate of the SLA IR scheme. The experimental results show that the overall failure probability of SLA IR scheme is decreased to $10^{-8}$ and the efficiency is improved to 1.091 with the IR block length of 128Mb. Furthermore, the efficiency of the proposed SLA IR scheme is 1.055, approached to Shannon-limit, when quantum bit error rate is 0.02 and the input scale of 1Gb, which is hundred times larger than the state-of-art implemented polar codes-based IR schemes.
We suggest a new protocol for the information reconciliation stage of quantum key distribution based on polar codes. The suggested approach is based on the blind technique, which is proved to be useful for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. We show that the suggested protocol outperforms the blind reconciliation with LDPC codes, especially when there are high fluctuations in quantum bit error rate (QBER).
Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a practical solution for secure communication between two distinct parties via a quantum channel and an authentic public channel. In this work, we consider different approaches to the quantum bit error rate (QBER) estimation at the information reconciliation stage of the post-processing procedure. For reconciliation schemes employing low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, we develop a novel syndrome-based QBER estimation algorithm. The algorithm suggested is suitable for irregular LDPC codes and takes into account punctured and shortened bits. Testing our approach in a real QKD setup, we show that an approach combining the proposed algorithm with conventional QBER estimation techniques allows one to improve the accuracy of the QBER estimation.
This work considers the distribution of a secret key over an optical (bosonic) channel in the regime of high photon efficiency, i.e., when the number of secret key bits generated per detected photon is high. While in principle the photon efficiency is unbounded, there is an inherent tradeoff between this efficiency and the key generation rate (with respect to the channel bandwidth). We derive asymptotic expressions for the optimal generation rates in the photon-efficient limit, and propose schemes that approach these limits up to certain approximations. The schemes are practical, in the sense that they use coherent or temporally-entangled optical states and direct photodetection, all of which are reasonably easy to realize in practice, in conjunction with off-the-shelf classical codes.
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