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Multiple astrophysical and cosmological observations show that the majority of the matter in the universe is non-luminous. It is not made of known particles, and it is called dark matter. This is one of the few pieces of concrete experimental evidence of new physics beyond the Standard Model. Despite decades of effort, we still know very little about the identity of dark matter; it remains one of the biggest outstanding mysteries facing particle physics. Among the numerous proposals to explain its nature, the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) scenario stands out. The WIMP scenario is based on a simple assumption that dark matter is in thermal equilibrium in the early hot universe, and that the dark matter particles have mass and interactions not too different from the massive particles in the Standard Model. Testing the WIMP hypothesis is a focus for many experimental searches. A variety of techniques are employed including the observation of WIMP annihilation, the measurement of WIMP-nucleon scattering in terrestrial detectors, and the inference of WIMP production at high energy colliders. In this article, we will focus on the last approach, and in particular on WIMP dark matter searches at the Large Hadron Collider. Authors note: this paper (and references therein) correspond to the version that was submitted to the joint issue of Nature Physics and Nature Astronomy in January 2017.
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Dark Matter (DM) detection prospects at future e+e- colliders are reviewed under the assumption that DM particles are fermions of the Majorana or Dirac type. Although the discussion is quite general, one will keep in mind the recently proposed candidate based on an excess of energetic photons observed in the center of our Galaxy with the Fermi-LAT satellite. If one assume that DM couples to a Zprime, using radiative return events e+e-->XX+photon, one could observe a spectacular signal at a TeV e+e- collider. This result relies on the ability of using highly polarized beams to eliminate a large part of the W exchange background. Prospects of discovery at LHC using mono-jets are also discussed and appear promising. In the second part, one assumes that DM particles annihilate through Higgs particles, either the SM boson h or MSSM type bosons called H, A. A promising scenario emerges, where one has e+e-->HA, with H decaying into hh, while A decays invisibly in most of the cases.
Dark matter is one of the main puzzles in fundamental physics and the goal of a diverse, multi-pronged research program. Underground and astrophysical searches search for dark matter particles in the cosmos, either by interacting directly or by searching for dark matter annihilation. Particle colliders, in contrast, might produce dark matter in the laboratory and are able to probe all basic interactions. They are sensitive to low dark matter masses, provide complementary information at higher masses and are subject to different systematic uncertainties. Collider searches are therefore an important part of an inter- disciplinary dark matter search strategy. This article highlights the experimental and phenomenological development in collider dark matters searches of recent years and their connection with the wider field.
The sensitivity of direct detection of dark matter (DM) approaches the so-called neutrino floor below which it is hard to disentangle the DM candidate from the background neutrino. In this work we consider the scenario that no DM signals are reported in various DM direct detection experiments and explore whether the collider searches could probe the DM under the neutrino floor. We adopt several simplified models in which the DM candidate couples only to electroweak gauge bosons or leptons in the standard model through high dimensional operators. After including the RGE running effect we investigate constraints from direct detection, indirect detection and collider searches. The collider search can probe a light DM below neutrino floor. Especially, for the effective interaction of $bar{chi}chi B_{mu u}B^{mu u}$, current data of the mono-photon channel at the 13 TeV LHC has already covered entire parameter space of the neutrino floor.
Several models of dark matter suggest the existence of dark sectors consisting of SU(3)_C x SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y singlet fields. These sectors of particles do not interact with the ordinary matter directly but could couple to it via gravity. In addition to gravity, there might be another very weak interaction between the ordinary and dark matter mediated by U(1) gauge bosons A (dark photons) mixing with our photons. In a class of models the corresponding dark gauge bosons could be light and have the $gamma$-A coupling strength laying in the experimentally accessible and theoretically interesting region. If such A mediators exist, their di-electron decays A -> e+e- could be searched for in a light-shining-through-a-wall experiment looking for an excess of events with the two-shower signature generated by a single high energy electron in the detector. A proposal to perform such an experiment aiming to probe the still unexplored area of the mixing strength 10^-5 < $epsilon$ < 10^-3 and masses M_A < 100 MeV by using 10-300 GeV electron beams from the CERN SPS is presented. The experiment can provide complementary coverage of the parameter space, which is intended to be probed by other searches. It has also a capability for a sensitive search for As decaying invisibly to dark-sector particles, such as dark matter, which could cover a significant part of the still allowed parameter space. The full running time of the proposed measurements is requested to be up to several months, and it could be taken at different SPS secondary beams.
SHiP is a newly proposed fixed-target experiment at the CERN SPS with the aim of searching for hidden particles that interact very weakly with SM particles. The work presented in this document investigates SHiPs physics reach in the parameter space of the Neutrino Minimal Standard Model ($ u$MSM), which is a theory that could solve most problems left open by the Standard Model with sterile neutrinos. A model introducing an extra $U(1)$ symmetry in the hidden sector, providing a natural candidate for dark matter, is also explored. This work shows that the SHiP experiment can improve by several orders of magnitude the sensitivity to Heavy Neutral Leptons below 2 GeV, scanning a large part of the parameter space below the $B$ meson mass. The remainder of the $ u$MSM parameter space, dominated by right-handed neutrinos with masses above 2 GeV, can be explored at a future $e^+e^-$ collider. Similarly, SHiP can greatly improve present constraints on $U(1)$ dark photons.
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