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Investigation of Chemical Differentiation among the NGC2264 Cluster-Forming Clumps

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 Publication date 2019
  fields Physics
and research's language is English




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We have carried out mapping observations of molecular emission lines of HC$_{3}$N and CH$_{3}$OH toward two massive cluster-forming clumps, NGC2264-C and NGC2264-D, using the Nobeyama 45-m radio telescope. We derive an $I$(HC$_{3}$N)/$I$(CH$_{3}$OH) integrated intensity ratio map, showing a higher value at clumps including 2MASS point sources at the northern part of NGC2264-D. Possible interpretations of the $I$(HC$_{3}$N)/$I$(CH$_{3}$OH) ratio are discussed. We have also observed molecular emission lines from CCS and N$_{2}$H$^{+}$ toward five positions in each clump. We investigate the $N$(N$_{2}$H$^{+}$)/$N$(CCS) and $N$(N$_{2}$H$^{+}$)/$N$(HC$_{3}$N) column density ratios among the ten positions in order to test whether they can be used as chemical evolutionary indicators in these clumps. The $N$(N$_{2}$H$^{+}$)/$N$(CCS) ratio shows a very high value toward a bright embedded IR source (IRS1), whereas the $N$(N$_{2}$H$^{+}$)/$N$(HC$_{3}$N) ratio at IRS1 is comparable with those at the other positions. These results suggest that UV radiation affects the chemistry around IRS1. We find that there are positive correlations between these column density ratios and the excitation temperatures of N$_{2}$H$^{+}$, which implies the chemical evolution of clumps. These chemical evolutionary indicators likely reflect the combination of evolution along the filamentary structure and evolution of each clump.



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We have conducted mapping observations toward the n3 and n5 positions in the NGC,2264-D cluster-forming region with the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Band 3. Observations with 10000 au scale beam reveal the chemical composition at the clump scale. The spatial distributions of the observed low upper-state-energy lines of CH$_{3}$OH are similar to those of CS and SO, and the HC$_{3}$N emission seems to be predominantly associated with clumps containing young stellar objects. The turbulent gas induced by the star formation activities produces large-scale shock regions in NGC,2264-D, which are traced by the CH$_{3}$OH, CS and SO emissions. We derive the HC$_{3}$N, CH$_{3}$CN, and CH$_{3}$CHO abundances with respect to CH$_{3}$OH. Compared to the n5 field, the n3 field is farther (in projected apparent distance) from the neighboring NGC,2264-C, yet the chemical composition in the n3 field tends to be similar to that of the protostellar candidate CMM3 in NGC,2264-C. The HC$_{3}$N/CH$_{3}$OH ratios in the n3 field are higher than those in the n5 field. We find an anti-correlation between the HC$_{3}$N/CH$_{3}$OH ratio and their excitation temperatures. The low HC$_{3}$N/CH$_{3}$OH abundance ratio at the n5 field implies that the n5 field is an environment with more active star formation compared with the n3 field.
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