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Register a new userGrowth rates of Coxeter groups and Perron numbers
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We define a large class of abstract Coxeter groups, that we call $infty$--spanned, and for which the word growth rate and the geodesic growth rate appear to be Perron numbers. This class contains a fair amount of Coxeter groups acting on hyperbolic spaces, thus corroborating a conjecture by Kellerhals and Perren. We also show that for this class the geodesic growth rate strictly dominates the word growth rate.
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We prove that for any infinite right-angled Coxeter or Artin group, its spherical and geodesic growth rates (with respect to the standard generating set) either take values in the set of Perron numbers, or equal $1$. Also, we compute the average number of geodesics representing an element of given word length in such groups.
We consider the question of determining whether a given group (especially one generated by involutions) is a right-angled Coxeter group. We describe a group invariant, the involution graph, and we characterize the involution graphs of right-angled Coxeter groups. We use this characterization to describe a process for constructing candidate right-angled Coxeter presentations for a given group or proving that one cannot exist. We provide some first applications. In addition, we provide an elementary proof of rigidity of the defining graph for a right-angled Coxeter group. We also recover a result stating that if the defining graph contains no SILs, then Aut^0(W) is a right-angled Coxeter group.
Handelman (J. Operator Theory, 1981) proved that if the spectral radius of a matrix $A$ is a simple root of the characteristic polynomial and is strictly greater than the modulus of any other root, then $A$ is conjugate to a matrix $Z$ some power of which is positive. In this article, we provide an explicit conjugate matrix $Z$, and prove that the spectral radius of $A$ is a simple and dominant eigenvalue of $A$ if and only if $Z$ is eventually positive. For $ntimes n$ real matrices with each row-sum equal to $1$, this criterion can be declined into checking that each entry of some power is strictly larger than the average of the entries of the same column minus $frac{1}{n}$. We apply the criterion to elements of irreducible infinite nonaffine Coxeter groups to provide evidences for the dominance of the spectral radius, which is still unknown.
A graph $X$ is defined inductively to be $(a_0,dots,a_{n-1})$-regular if $X$ is $a_0$-regular and for every vertex $v$ of $X$, the sphere of radius $1$ around $v$ is an $(a_1,dots,a_{n-1})$-regular graph. Such a graph $X$ is said to be highly regular (HR) of level $n$ if $a_{n-1} eq 0$. Chapman, Linial and Peled studied HR-graphs of level 2 and provided several methods to construct families of graphs which are expanders globally and locally. They ask whether such HR-graphs of level 3 exist. In this paper we show how the theory of Coxeter groups, and abstract regular polytopes and their generalisations, can lead to such graphs. Given a Coxeter system $(W,S)$ and a subset $M$ of $S$, we construct highly regular quotients of the 1-skeleton of the associated Wythoffian polytope $mathcal{P}_{W,M}$, which form an infinite family of expander graphs when $(W,S)$ is indefinite and $mathcal{P}_{W,M}$ has finite vertex links. The regularity of the graphs in this family can be deduced from the Coxeter diagram of $(W,S)$. The expansion stems from applying superapproximation to the congruence subgroups of the linear group $W$. This machinery gives a rich collection of families of HR-graphs, with various interesting properties, and in particular answers affirmatively the question asked by Chapman, Linial and Peled.
We prove that for any prime $pgeq 3$ the minimal exponential growth rate of the Baumslag-Solitar group $BS(1,p)$ and the lamplighter group $mathcal{L}_p=(mathbb{Z}/pmathbb{Z})wr mathbb{Z}$ are equal. We also show that for $p=2$ this claim is not true and the growth rate of $BS(1,2)$ is equal to the positive root of $x^3-x^2-2$, whilst the one of the lamplighter group $mathcal{L}_2$ is equal to the golden ratio $(1+sqrt5)/2$. The latter value also serves to show that the lower bound of A.Mann from [Mann, Journal of Algebra 326, no. 1 (2011) 208--217] for the growth rates of non-semidirect HNN extensions is optimal.
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