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Register a new userXXL Survey groups and clusters in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey. Scaling relations between X-ray properties and weak lensing mass
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Scaling relations trace the formation and evolution of galaxy clusters. We exploited multi-wavelength surveys -- the XXL survey at emph{XMM-Newton} in the X-ray band, and the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program for optical weak lensing -- to study an X-ray selected, complete sample of clusters and groups. The scalings of gas mass, temperature, and soft-band X-ray luminosity with the weak lensing mass show imprints of radiative cooling and AGN feedback in groups. From the multi-variate analysis, we found some evidence for steeper than self-similar slopes for gas mass ($beta_{m_text{g}|m}=1.73 pm0.80$) and luminosity ($beta_{l|m}=1.91pm0.94$) and a nearly self-similar slope for the temperature ($beta_{t|m}=0.78pm0.43$). Intrinsic scatters of X-ray properties appear to be positively correlated at a fixed mass (median correlation factor $rho_{X_1X_2|m}sim0.34$) due to dynamical state and merger history of the halos. Positive correlations with the weak lensing mass (median correlation factor $rho_{m_text{wl}X|m}sim0.35$) can be connected to triaxiality and orientation. Comparison of weak lensing and hydrostatic masses suggests a small role played by non-thermal pressure support ($9pm17%$).
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We present weak-lensing measurements using the first-year data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Strategic Survey Program on the Subaru telescope for eight galaxy clusters selected through their thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signal measured at 148 GHz with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter experiment. The overlap between the two surveys in this work is 33.8 square degrees, before masking bright stars. The signal-to-noise ratio of individual cluster lensing measurements ranges from 2.2 to 8.7, with a total of 11.1 for the stacked cluster weak-lensing signal. We fit for an average weak-lensing mass distribution using three different profiles, a Navarro-Frenk-White profile, a dark-matter-only emulated profile, and a full cosmological hydrodynamic emulated profile. We interpret the differences among the masses inferred by these models as a systematic error of 10%, which is currently smaller than the statistical error. We obtain the ratio of the SZ-estimated mass to the lensing-estimated mass (the so-called hydrostatic mass bias $1-b$) of $0.74^{+0.13}_{-0.12}$, which is comparable to previous SZ-selected clusters from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and from the {sl Planck} Satellite. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for cosmological parameters inferred from cluster abundances compared to cosmic microwave background primary anisotropy measurements.
We present the first weak-lensing mass calibration and X-ray scaling relations of galaxy clusters and groups selected in the $eROSITA$ Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS) observed by Spectrum Roentgen Gamma/$eROSITA$ over a contiguous footprint with an area of $approx140$ deg$^2$, using the three-year (S19A) weak-lensing data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program survey. In this work, a sample of $434$ optically confirmed galaxy clusters (and groups) at redshift $0.01lesssim z lesssim1.3$ with a median of $0.35$ is studied, of which $313$ systems are uniformly covered by the HSC survey to enable the extraction of the weak-lensing shear observable. In a Bayesian population modelling, we perform a blind analysis for the weak-lensing mass calibration by simultaneously modelling the observed count rate $eta$ and the shear profile $g$ of individual clusters through the count rate-to-mass-and-redshift ($eta$--$M_{500}$--$z$) and weak-lensing mass-to-mass-and-redshift ($M_{mathrm{WL}}$--$M_{500}$--$z$) relations, respectively, while accounting for the bias in these observables using simulation-based calibrations. As a result, the count rate-inferred and lensing-calibrated cluster mass is obtained from the joint modelling of the scaling relations, as the ensemble mass spanning a range of $10^{13}h^{-1}M_{odot}lesssim M_{500}lesssim10^{15} h^{-1}M_{odot}$ with a median of $approx10^{14} h^{-1}M_{odot}$ for the eFEDS sample. With the mass calibration, we further model the X-ray observable-to-mass-and-redshift relations, including the rest-frame soft-band and bolometric luminosity ($L_{mathrm{X}}$ and $L_{mathrm{b}}$), the emission-weighted temperature $T_{mathrm{X}}$, the mass of intra-cluster medium $M_{mathrm{g}}$, and the mass proxy $Y_{mathrm{X}}$, which is the product of $T_{mathrm{X}}$ and $M_{mathrm{g}}$. (abridged)
We present optimized source galaxy selection schemes for measuring cluster weak lensing (WL) mass profiles unaffected by cluster member dilution from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Strategic Survey Program (HSC-SSP). The ongoing HSC-SSP survey will uncover thousands of galaxy clusters to $zlesssim1.5$. In deriving cluster masses via WL, a critical source of systematics is contamination and dilution of the lensing signal by cluster {members, and by foreground galaxies whose photometric redshifts are biased}. Using the first-year CAMIRA catalog of $sim$900 clusters with richness larger than 20 found in $sim$140 deg$^2$ of HSC-SSP data, we devise and compare several source selection methods, including selection in color-color space (CC-cut), and selection of robust photometric redshifts by applying constraints on their cumulative probability distribution function (PDF; P-cut). We examine the dependence of the contamination on the chosen limits adopted for each method. Using the proper limits, these methods give mass profiles with minimal dilution in agreement with one another. We find that not adopting either the CC-cut or P-cut methods results in an underestimation of the total cluster mass ($13pm4%$) and the concentration of the profile ($24pm11%$). The level of cluster contamination can reach as high as $sim10%$ at $Rapprox 0.24$ Mpc/$h$ for low-z clusters without cuts, while employing either the P-cut or CC-cut results in cluster contamination consistent with zero to within the 0.5% uncertainties. Our robust methods yield a $sim60sigma$ detection of the stacked CAMIRA surface mass density profile, with a mean mass of $M_mathrm{200c} = (1.67pm0.05({rm {stat}}))times 10^{14},M_odot/h$.
We present a statistical weak-lensing magnification analysis on an optically selected sample of 3029 texttt{CAMIRA} galaxy clusters with richness $N>15$ at redshift $0.2leq z <1.1$ in the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. We use two distinct populations of color-selected, flux-limited background galaxies, namely the low-$z$ and high-$z$ samples at mean redshifts of $approx1.1$ and $approx1.4$, respectively, from which to measure the weak-lensing magnification signal by accounting for cluster contamination as well as masking effects. Our magnification bias measurements are found to be uncontaminated according to validation tests against the null-test samples for which the net magnification bias is expected to vanish. The magnification bias for the full texttt{CAMIRA} sample is detected at a significance level of $9.51sigma$, which is dominated by the high-$z$ background. We forward-model the observed magnification data to constrain the normalization of the richness-to-mass ($N$--$M$) relation for the texttt{CAMIRA} sample with informative priors on other parameters. The resulting scaling relation is $Npropto {M_{500}}^{0.92pm0.13} (1 + z)^{-0.48pm0.69}$, with a characteristic richness of $N=left(17.72pm2.60right)$ and intrinsic log-normal scatter of $0.15pm0.07$ at $M_{500} = 10^{14}h^{-1}M_{odot}$. With the derived $N$--$M$ relation, we provide magnification-calibrated mass estimates of individual texttt{CAMIRA} clusters, with the typical uncertainty of $approx39%$ and $approx32%$ at richness$approx20$ and $approx40$, respectively. We further compare our magnification-inferred $N$--$M$ relation with those from the shear-based results in the literature, finding good agreement.
We present properties of moderately massive clusters of galaxies detected by the newly developed Hyper Suprime-Cam on the Subaru telescope using weak gravitational lensing. Eight peaks exceeding a S/N ratio of 4.5 are identified on the convergence S/N map of a 2.3 square degree field observed during the early commissioning phase of the camera. Multi-color photometric data is used to generate optically selected clusters using the CAMIRA algorithm. The optical cluster positions were correlated with the peak positions from the convergence map. All eight significant peaks have optical counterparts. The velocity dispersion of clusters are evaluated by adopting the Singular Isothemal Sphere (SIS) fit to the tangential shear profiles, yielding virial mass estimates, M500c, of the clusters which range from 2.7x10^13 to 4.4x10^14 solar mass. The number of peaks is considerably larger than the average number expected from LambdaCDM cosmology but this is not extremely unlikely if one takes the large sample variance in the small field into account. We could, however, safely argue that the peak count strongly favours the recent Planck result suggesting high sigma8$value of 0.83. The ratio of stellar mass to the dark matter halo mass shows a clear decline as the halo mass increases. If the gas mass fraction, fg, in halos is universal, as has been suggested in the literature, the observed baryon mass in stars and gas shows a possible deficit compared with the total baryon density estimated from the baryon oscillation peaks in anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background.
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