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Register a new userQuantum noise extraction from the interference of laser pulses in optical quantum random number generator
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We propose a method for quantum noise extraction from the interference of laser pulses with random phase. Our technique is based on the calculation of a parameter, which we called the quantum reduction factor, and which allows determining the contributions of quantum and classical noises in the assumption that classical fluctuations exhibit Gaussian distribution. To the best of our knowledge, the concept of the quantum reduction factor is introduced for the first time. We use such an approach to implement the post-processing-free optical quantum random number generator with the random bit generation rate of 2 Gbps.
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We propose an approach to realize a quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on the photon number decision of weak laser pulses. This type of QRNG can generate true random numbers at a high speed and can be adjusted to zero bias conveniently, thus is suitable for the applications in quantum cryptography.
Information-theoretically provable unique true random numbers, which cannot be correlated or controlled by an attacker, can be generated based on quantum measurement of vacuum state and universal-hashing randomness extraction. Quantum entropy in the measurements decides the quality and security of the random number generator. At the same time, it directly determine the extraction ratio of true randomness from the raw data, in other words, it affects quantum random numbers generating rate obviously. In this work, considering the effects of classical noise, the best way to enhance quantum entropy in the vacuum-based quantum random number generator is explored in the optimum dynamical analog-digital converter (ADC) range scenario. The influence of classical noise excursion, which may be intrinsic to a system or deliberately induced by an eavesdropper, on the quantum entropy is derived. We propose enhancing local oscillator intensity rather than electrical gain for noise-independent amplification of quadrature fluctuation of vacuum state. Abundant quantum entropy is extractable from the raw data even when classical noise excursion is large. Experimentally, an extraction ratio of true randomness of 85.3% is achieved by finite enhancement of the local oscillator power when classical noise excursions of the raw data is obvious.
Quantum random number generation exploits inherent randomness of quantum mechanical processes and measurements. Real-time generation rate of quantum random numbers is usually limited by electronic bandwidth and data processing rates. Here we use a multiplexing scheme to create a fast real-time quantum random number generator based on continuous variable vacuum fluctuations. Multiple sideband frequency modes of a quantum vacuum state within a homodyne detection bandwidth are concurrently extracted as the randomness source. Parallel post-processing of raw data from three sub-entropy sources is realized in one field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based on Toeplitz-hashing extractors. A cumulative generation rate of 8.25 Gbps in real-time is achieved. The system relies on optoelectronic components and circuits that could be integrated in a compact, economical package.
We present a scheme for multi-bit quantum random number generation using a single qubit discrete-time quantum walk in one-dimensional space. Irrespective of the initial state of the qubit, quantum interference and entanglement of particle with the position space in the walk dynamics certifies high randomness in the system. Quantum walk in a position space of dimension $2^l+1$ ensures string of $(l+ 2)$-bits of random numbers from a single measurement. Bit commitment with the position space and control over the spread of the probability distribution in position space enable us with options to extract multi-bit random numbers. This highlights the {it power of one qubit} , its practical importance in generating multi-bit string in single measurement and the role it can play in quantum communication and cryptographic protocols. This can be further extended with quantum walks in higher dimensions.
Random numbers are a fundamental resource in science and technology. Among the different approaches to generating them, random numbers created by exploiting the laws of quantum mechanics have proven to be reliable and can be produced at enough rates for their practical use. While these demonstrations have shown very good performance, most of the implementations using free-space and fibre optics, suffer from limitations due to their size, which strongly limits their practical use. Here we report a quantum random number generator based on phase fluctuations from a diode laser, where the other required optical components are integrated on a mm-scale monolithic silicon-on-insulator chip. Our device operates with generation rate in the Gbps regime and the output random numbers pass the NIST statistical tests. Considering the devices size, its simple, robust and low power operation, and the rapid industrial uptake of silicon photonics, we foresee the widespread integration of the reported design in more complex systems.
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