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Register a new userA construction of representations of 3-manifold groups into PU(2,1) through Lefschetz fibrations
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Authors
Ruben Dashyan
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We obtain infinitely many (non-conjugate) representations of 3-manifold fundamental groups into a lattice in the holomorphic isometry group of complex hyperbolic space. The lattice is an orbifold fundamental group of a branched covering of the projective plane along an arrangement of hyperplanes constructed by Hirzebruch. The 3-manifolds are related to a Lefschetz fibration of the complex hyperbolic orbifold.
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We examine the action of the fundamental group $Gamma$ of a Riemann surface with $m$ punctures on the middle dimensional homology of a regular fiber in a Lefschetz fibration, and describe to what extent this action can be recovered from the intersection numbers of vanishing cycles. Basis changes for the vanishing cycles result in a nonlinear action of the framed braid group $widetilde{mathcal B}$ on $m$ strings on a suitable space of $mtimes m$ matrices. This action is determined by a family of cohomologous 1-cocycles ${mathcal S}_c:widetilde{mathcal B}to GL_m({mathbb{Z}}[Gamma])$ parametrized by distinguished configurations $c$ of embedded paths from the regular value to the critical values. In the case of the disc, we compare this family of cocycles with the Magnus cocycles given by Fox calculus and consider some abelian reductions giving rise to linear representations of braid groups. We also prove that, still in the case of the disc, the intersection numbers along straight lines, which conjecturally make sense in infinite dimensional situations, carry all the relevant information.
If $Gamma<mathrm{PSL}(2,mathbb{C})$ is a lattice, we define an invariant of a representation $Gammarightarrow mathrm{PSL}(n,mathbb{C})$ using the Borel class $beta(n)in mathrm{H}^3_mathrm{c}(mathrm{PSL}(n,mathbb{C}),mathbb{R})$. We show that the invariant is bounded and its maximal value is attained by conjugation of the composition of the lattice embedding with the irreducible complex representation $mathrm{PSL}(2,mathbb{C})rightarrow mathrm{PSL}(n,mathbb{C})$. Major ingredients of independent interest are the extension to degenerate configuration of flags of a Goncharov cocycle and its study, as well as the identification of $mathrm{H}^3_mathrm{c}(mathrm{SL}(n,mathbb{C}),mathbb{R})$ as a normed space.
We prove foundational results about the set of homomorphisms from a finitely generated group to the collection of all fundamental groups of compact 3-manifolds and answer questions of Reid-Wang-Zhou and Agol-Liu.
We construct examples of Lefschetz fibrations with prescribed singular fibers. By taking differences of pairs of such fibrations with the same singular fibers, we obtain new examples of surface bundles over surfaces with non-zero signature. From these we derive new upper bounds for the minimal genus of a surface representing a given element in the second homology of a mapping class group.
A fibration of $mathbb{R}^3$ by oriented lines is given by a unit vector field $V : mathbb{R}^3 to S^2$, for which all of the integral curves are oriented lines. A line fibration is called skew if no two fibers are parallel. Skew fibrations have been the focus of recent study, in part due to their close relationships with great circle fibrations of $S^3$ and with tight contact structures on $mathbb{R}^3$. Both geometric and topological classifications of the space of skew fibrations have appeared; these classifications rely on certain rigid geometric properties exhibited by skew fibrations. Here we study these properties for line fibrations which are not necessarily skew, and we offer some partial answers to the question: in what sense do nonskew fibrations look and behave like skew fibrations? We develop and utilize a technique, called the parallel plane pushoff, for studying nonskew fibrations. In addition, we summarize the known relationship between line fibrations and contact structures, and we extend these results to give a complete correspondence. Finally, we develop a technique for generating nonskew fibrations and offer a number of examples.
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