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Added by
Xugang Wu
Publication date
2019
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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Recently, the majority of visual trackers adopt Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as their backbone to achieve high tracking accuracy. However, less attention has been paid to the potential adversarial threats brought by CNN, including Siamese network. In this paper, we first analyze the existing vulnerabilities in Siamese trackers and propose the requirements for a successful adversarial attack. On this basis, we formulate the adversarial generation problem and propose an end-to-end pipeline to generate a perturbed texture map for the 3D object that causes the trackers to fail. Finally, we conduct thorough experiments to verify the effectiveness of our algorithm. Experiment results show that adversarial examples generated by our algorithm can successfully lower the tracking accuracy of victim trackers and even make them drift off. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to generate 3D adversarial examples on visual trackers.
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In recent years, Siamese network based trackers have significantly advanced the state-of-the-art in real-time tracking. However, state-of-the-art Siamese trackers suffer from high memory cost which restricts their applicability in mobile applications having strict constraints on memory budget. To address this issue, we propose a novel distilled Siamese tracking framework to learn small, fast yet accurate trackers (students), which capture critical knowledge from large Siamese trackers (teachers) by a teacher-students knowledge distillation model. This model is intuitively inspired by a one-teacher vs multi-students learning mechanism, which is the most usual teaching method in the school. In particular, it contains a single teacher-student distillation model and a student-student knowledge sharing mechanism. The first one is designed by a tracking-specific distillation strategy to transfer knowledge from the teacher to students. The later is utilized for mutual learning between students to enable an in-depth knowledge understanding. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to investigate knowledge distillation for Siamese trackers and propose a distilled Siamese tracking framework. We demonstrate the generality and effectiveness of our framework by conducting a theoretical analysis and extensive empirical evaluations on several popular Siamese trackers. The results on five tracking benchmarks clearly show that the proposed distilled trackers achieve compression rates up to 18$times$ and frame-rates of $265$ FPS with speedups of 3$times$, while obtaining similar or even slightly improved tracking accuracy.
We propose a novel Siamese Natural Language Tracker (SNLT), which brings the advancements in visual tracking to the tracking by natural language (NL) descriptions task. The proposed SNLT is applicable to a wide range of Siamese trackers, providing a new class of baselines for the tracking by NL task and promising future improvements from the advancements of Siamese trackers. The carefully designed architecture of the Siamese Natural Language Region Proposal Network (SNL-RPN), together with the Dynamic Aggregation of vision and language modalities, is introduced to perform the tracking by NL task. Empirical results over tracking benchmarks with NL annotations show that the proposed SNLT improves Siamese trackers by 3 to 7 percentage points with a slight tradeoff of speed. The proposed SNLT outperforms all NL trackers to-date and is competitive among state-of-the-art real-time trackers on LaSOT benchmarks while running at 50 frames per second on a single GPU.
Visual object tracking is an important function in many real-time video surveillance applications, such as localization and spatio-temporal recognition of persons. In real-world applications, an object detector and tracker must interact on a periodic basis to discover new objects, and thereby to initiate tracks. Periodic interactions with the detector can also allow the tracker to validate and/or update its object template with new bounding boxes. However, bounding boxes provided by a state-of-the-art detector are noisy, due to changes in appearance, background and occlusion, which can cause the tracker to drift. Moreover, CNN-based detectors can provide a high level of accuracy at the expense of computational complexity, so interactions should be minimized for real-time applications. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to manage detector-tracker interactions for trackers from the Siamese-FC family. By integrating a change detection mechanism into a deep Siamese-FC tracker, its template can be adapted in response to changes in a targets appearance that lead to drifts during tracking. An abrupt change detection triggers an update of tracker template using the bounding box produced by the detector, while in the case of a gradual change, the detector is used to update an evolving set of templates for robust matching. Experiments were performed using state-of-the-art Siamese-FC trackers and the YOLOv3 detector on a subset of videos from the OTB-100 dataset that mimic video surveillance scenarios. Results highlight the importance for reliable VOT of using accurate detectors. They also indicate that our adaptive Siamese trackers are robust to noisy object detections, and can significantly improve the performance of Siamese-FC tracking.
Vision transformers (ViTs) have demonstrated impressive performance on a series of computer vision tasks, yet they still suffer from adversarial examples. In this paper, we posit that adversarial attacks on transformers should be specially tailored for their architecture, jointly considering both patches and self-attention, in order to achieve high transferability. More specifically, we introduce a dual attack framework, which contains a Pay No Attention (PNA) attack and a PatchOut attack, to improve the transferability of adversarial samples across different ViTs. We show that skipping the gradients of attention during backpropagation can generate adversarial examples with high transferability. In addition, adversarial perturbations generated by optimizing randomly sampled subsets of patches at each iteration achieve higher attack success rates than attacks using all patches. We evaluate the transferability of attacks on state-of-the-art ViTs, CNNs and robustly trained CNNs. The results of these experiments demonstrate that the proposed dual attack can greatly boost transferability between ViTs and from ViTs to CNNs. In addition, the proposed method can easily be combined with existing transfer methods to boost performance.
State-of-the-art machine learning algorithms can be fooled by carefully crafted adversarial examples. As such, adversarial examples present a concrete problem in AI safety. In this work we turn the tables and ask the following question: can we harness the power of adversarial examples to prevent malicious adversaries from learning identifying information from data while allowing non-malicious entities to benefit from the utility of the same data? For instance, can we use adversarial examples to anonymize biometric dataset of faces while retaining usefulness of this data for other purposes, such as emotion recognition? To address this question, we propose a simple yet effective method, called Siamese Generative Adversarial Privatizer (SGAP), that exploits the properties of a Siamese neural network to find discriminative features that convey identifying information. When coupled with a generative model, our approach is able to correctly locate and disguise identifying information, while minimally reducing the utility of the privatized dataset. Extensive evaluation on a biometric dataset of fingerprints and cartoon faces confirms usefulness of our simple yet effective method.
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