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Register a new userAverages Along the Primes: Improving and Sparse Bounds
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Consider averages along the prime integers $ mathbb P $ given by begin{equation*} mathcal{A}_N f (x) = N ^{-1} sum_{ p in mathbb P ;:; pleq N} (log p) f (x-p). end{equation*} These averages satisfy a uniform scale-free $ ell ^{p}$-improving estimate. For all $ 1< p < 2$, there is a constant $ C_p$ so that for all integer $ N$ and functions $ f$ supported on $ [0,N]$, there holds begin{equation*} N ^{-1/p }lVert mathcal{A}_N frVert_{ell^{p}} leq C_p N ^{- 1/p} lVert frVert_{ell^p}. end{equation*} The maximal function $ mathcal{A}^{ast} f =sup_{N} lvert mathcal{A}_N f rvert$ satisfies $ (p,p)$ sparse bounds for all $ 1< p < 2$. The latter are the natural variants of the scale-free bounds. As a corollary, $ mathcal{A}^{ast} $ is bounded on $ ell ^{p} (w)$, for all weights $ w$ in the Muckenhoupt $A_p$ class. No prior weighted inequalities for $ mathcal{A}^{ast} $ were known.
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Let $fin ell^2(mathbb Z)$. Define the average of $ f$ over the square integers by $ A_N f(x):=frac{1}{N}sum_{k=1}^N f(x+k^2) $. We show that $ A_N$ satisfies a local scale-free $ ell ^{p}$-improving estimate, for $ 3/2 < p leq 2$: begin{equation*} N ^{-2/p} lVert A_N f rVert _{ p} lesssim N ^{-2/p} lVert frVert _{ell ^{p}}, end{equation*} provided $ f$ is supported in some interval of length $ N ^2 $, and $ p =frac{p} {p-1}$ is the conjugate index. The inequality above fails for $ 1< p < 3/2$. The maximal function $ A f = sup _{Ngeq 1} |A_Nf| $ satisfies a similar sparse bound. Novel weighted and vector valued inequalities for $ A$ follow. A critical step in the proof requires the control of a logarithmic average over $ q$ of a function $G(q,x)$ counting the number of square roots of $x$ mod $q$. One requires an estimate uniform in $x$.
We exhibit a range of $ell ^{p}(mathbb{Z}^d)$-improving properties for the discrete spherical maximal average in every dimension $dgeq 5$. The strategy used to show these improving properties is then adapted to establish sparse bounds, which extend the discrete maximal theorem of Magyar, Stein, and Wainger to weighted spaces. In particular, the sparse bounds imply that the discrete spherical maximal average is a bounded map from $ell^2(w)$ into $ell^2(w)$ provided $w^{frac{d}{d-4}+delta}$ belongs to the Muckenhoupt class $A_2$ for some $delta>0.$
For a polynomial $P$ mapping the integers into the integers, define an averaging operator $A_{N} f(x):=frac{1}{N}sum_{k=1}^N f(x+P(k))$ acting on functions on the integers. We prove sufficient conditions for the $ell^{p}$-improving inequality begin{equation*} |A_N f|_{ell^q(mathbb{Z})} lesssim_{P,p,q} N^{-d(frac{1}{p}-frac{1}{q})} |f|_{ell^p(mathbb{Z})}, qquad N inmathbb{N}, end{equation*} where $1leq p leq q leq infty$. For a range of quadratic polynomials, the inequalities established are sharp, up to the boundary of the allowed pairs of $(p,q)$. For degree three and higher, the inequalities are close to being sharp. In the quadratic case, we appeal to discrete fractional integrals as studied by Stein and Wainger. In the higher degree case, we appeal to the Vinogradov Mean Value Theorem, recently established by Bourgain, Demeter, and Guth.
Let $ lambda ^2 in mathbb N $, and in dimensions $ dgeq 5$, let $ A_{lambda } f (x)$ denote the average of $ f ;:; mathbb Z ^{d} to mathbb R $ over the lattice points on the sphere of radius $lambda$ centered at $x$. We prove $ ell ^{p}$ improving properties of $ A_{lambda }$. begin{equation*} lVert A_{lambda }rVert_{ell ^{p} to ell ^{p}} leq C_{d,p, omega (lambda ^2 )} lambda ^{d ( 1-frac{2}p)}, qquad tfrac{d-1}{d+1} < p leq frac{d} {d-2}. end{equation*} It holds in dimension $ d =4$ for odd $ lambda ^2 $. The dependence is in terms of $ omega (lambda ^2 )$, the number of distinct prime factors of $ lambda ^2 $. These inequalities are discre
We prove an expanded range of $ell ^{p}(mathbb{Z}^d)$-improving properties and sparse bounds for discrete spherical maximal means in every dimension $dgeq 6$. Essential elements of the proofs are bounds for high exponent averages of Ramanujan and restricted Kloosterman sums.
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