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Register a new userEffective Field Theory of Gravity to All Orders
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Added by
Maximilian Ruhdorfer
Publication date
2019
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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We construct the general effective field theory of gravity coupled to the Standard Model of particle physics, which we name GRSMEFT. Our method allows the systematic derivation of a non-redundant set of operators of arbitrary dimension with generic field content and gravity. We explicitly determine the pure gravity EFT up to dimension ten, the EFT of a shift-symmetric scalar coupled to gravity up to dimension eight, and the operator basis for the GRSMEFT up to dimension eight. Extensions to all orders are straightforward.
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Models explaining dark matter typically include interactions with charged scalar and fermion fields. The Infra-Red (IR) finiteness of thermal field theories of charged fermions (fermionic QED) has been proven to all orders in perturbation theory. Here we reexamine the IR behaviour of charged scalar theories at finite temperature. Using the method of Grammer and Yennie, we identify and factorise the infra-red divergences to all orders in perturbation theory. The inclusion of IR finite pieces arising from the 4-point interaction terms of scalars with photon fields is key to the exponentiation. We use this in a companion paper to prove the IR finiteness of the corresponding thermal theory which is of relevance in dark matter calculations.
We investigate the propagation of gravitational waves on a black hole background within the low energy effective field theory of gravity, where effects from heavy fields are captured by higher dimensional curvature operators. Depending on the spin of the particles integrated out, the speed of gravitational waves at low energy can be either superluminal or subluminal as compared to the causal structure observed by other species. Interestingly however, gravitational waves are always exactly luminal at the black hole horizon, implying that the horizon is identically defined for all species. We further compute the corrections on quasinormal frequencies caused by the higher dimensional curvature operators and highlight the corrections arising from the low energy effective field.
Cosmological tensions can arise within $Lambda$CDM scenario amongst different observational windows, which may indicate new physics beyond the standard paradigm if confirmed by measurements. In this article, we report how to alleviate both the $H_0$ and $sigma_8$ tensions simultaneously within torsional gravity from the perspective of effective field theory (EFT). Following these observations, we construct concrete models of Lagrangians of torsional gravity. Specifically, we consider the parametrization $f(T)=-T-2Lambda/M_P^2+alpha T^beta$, where two out of the three parameters are independent. This model can efficiently fit observations solving the two tensions. To our knowledge, this is the first time where a modified gravity theory can alleviate both $H_0$ and $sigma_8$ tensions simultaneously, hence, offering an additional argument in favor of gravitational modification.
The transfer matrix in lattice field theory connects the covariant and the initial data frameworks; in spin foam models, it can be written as a composition of elementary cellular amplitudes/propagators. We present a framework for discrete spacetime classical field theory in which solutions to the field equations over elementary spacetime cells may be amalgamated if they satisfy simple gluing conditions matching the composition rules of cellular amplitudes in spin foam models. Furthermore, the formalism is endowed with a multisymplectic structure responsible for local conservation laws. Some models within our framework are effective theories modeling a system at a given scale. Our framework allows us to study coarse graining and the continuum limit.
We develop an approach to compute observables beyond the linear regime of dark matter perturbations for general dark energy and modified gravity models. We do so by combining the Effective Field Theory of Dark Energy and Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure approaches. In particular, we parametrize the linear and nonlinear effects of dark energy on dark matter clustering in terms of the Lagrangian terms introduced in a companion paper, focusing on Horndeski theories and assuming the quasi-static approximation. The Euler equation for dark matter is sourced, via the Newtonian potential, by new nonlinear vertices due to modified gravity and, as in the pure dark matter case, by the effects of short-scale physics in the form of the divergence of an effective stress tensor. The effective fluid introduces a counterterm in the solution to the matter continuity and Euler equations, which allows a controlled expansion of clustering statistics on mildly nonlinear scales. We use this setup to compute the one-loop dark-matter power spectrum.
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