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Register a new userFirst demonstration of ionization cooling by the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment
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High-brightness muon beams of energy comparable to those produced by state-of-the-art electron, proton and ion accelerators have yet to be realised. Such beams have the potential to carry the search for new phenomena in lepton-antilepton collisions to extremely high energy and also to provide uniquely well-characterised neutrino beams. A muon beam may be created through the decay of pions produced in the interaction of a proton beam with a target. To produce a high-brightness beam from such a source requires that the phase space volume occupied by the muons be reduced (cooled). Ionization cooling is the novel technique by which it is proposed to cool the beam. The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment collaboration has constructed a section of an ionization cooling cell and used it to provide the first demonstration of ionization cooling. We present these ground-breaking measurements.
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Muon storage rings have been proposed for use as a source of high-energy neutrino beams (the Neutrino Factory) and as the basis for a high-energy lepton-antilepton collider (the Muon Collider). The Neutrino Factory is widely believed to be the machine of choice for the search for leptonic CP violation while the Muon Collider may prove to be the most practical route to multi-TeV lepton-antilepton collisions. The baseline conceptual designs for each of these facilities requires the phase-space compression (cooling) of the muon beams prior to acceleration. The short muon lifetime makes it impossible to employ traditional techniques to cool the beam while maintaining the muon-beam intensity. Ionization cooling, a process in which the muon beam is passed through a series of liquid-hydrogen absorbers followed by accelerating RF cavities, is the technique proposed to cool the muon beam. The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) collaboration will carry out a systematic study of ionization cooling. The MICE experiment, which is under construction at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, will begin to take data late this year. The MICE cooling channel, the instrumentation and the implementation at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory are described together with the predicted performance of the channel and the measurements that will be made.
The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) collaboration seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of ionization cooling, the technique by which it is proposed to cool the muon beam at a future neutrino factory or muon collider. The emittance is measured from an ensemble of muons assembled from those that pass through the experiment. A pure muon ensemble is selected using a particle-identification system that can reject efficiently both pions and electrons. The position and momentum of each muon are measured using a high-precision scintillating-fibre tracker in a 4,T solenoidal magnetic field. This paper presents the techniques used to reconstruct the phase-space distributions and reports the first particle-by-particle measurement of the emittance of the MICE Muon Beam as a function of muon-beam momentum.
Progress on six dimensional ionization muon cooling with relatively small rings of magnets is described. Lattices being explored include scaling sector cyclotrons with edge focusing and strong focusing, fixed field alternating gradient (FFAG) rings. Ionization cooling is provided by high pressure hydrogen gas which removes both transverse and longitudinal momentum. Lost longitudinal momentum is replaced using radio frequency (RF) cavities, giving a net transverse emittance reduction. The longer path length in the hydrogen of higher momentum muons decreases longitudinal emittance at the expense of transverse emittance. Thus emittance exchange allows these rings to cool in all six dimensions and not just transversely. Alternatively, if the RF is located after the ring, it may be possible to cool the muons by stopping them as they spiral adiabatically into a central swarm. As momentum goes to zero, the momentum spread goes to zero. The resulting cooled muons can lead to an intense muon beam which could be a source for neutrino factories or muon colliders.
The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) is a strategic R&D project intended to demonstrate the only practical solution to providing high brilliance beams necessary for a neutrino factory or muon collider. MICE is under development at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the United Kingdom. It comprises a dedicated beamline to generate a range of input muon emittances and momenta, with time-of-flight and Cherenkov detectors to ensure a pure muon beam. The emittance of the incoming beam will be measured in the upstream magnetic spectrometer with a scintillating fiber tracker. A cooling cell will then follow, alternating energy loss in Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) absorbers to RF cavity acceleration. A second spectrometer, identical to the first, and a second muon identification system will measure the outgoing emittance. In the 2010 run at RAL the muon beamline and most detectors were fully commissioned and a first measurement of the emittance of the muon beam with particle physics (time-of-flight) detectors was performed. The analysis of these data was recently completed and is discussed in this paper. Future steps for MICE, where beam emittance and emittance reduction (cooling) are to be measured with greater accuracy, are also presented.
Possible application for muon experiments such as mu2e is discussed of the initial part of the ionization cooling channel originally developed for muon collider. It is shown that with the FNAL Booster as the proton driver the mu2e sensitivity can be increased by two orders of magnitude compared to the presently considered experiment.
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