Fast and robust computation of coherent Lagrangian vortices on very large two-dimensional domains

We describe a new method for computing coherent Lagrangian vortices in two-dimensional flows according to any of the following approaches: black-hole vortices [Haller & Beron-Vera, 2013], objective Eulerian Coherent Structures (OECSs) [Serra & Haller, 2016], material barriers to diffusive transport [Haller et al., 2018, Haller et al., 2019], and constrained diffusion barriers [Haller et al., 2019]. The method builds on ideas developed previously in [Karrasch et al., 2015], but our implementation alleviates a number of shortcomings and allows for the fully automated detection of such vortices on unprecedentedly challenging real-world flow problems, for which specific human interference is absolutely infeasible. Challenges include very large domains and/or parameter spaces. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method in dealing with such challenges on two test cases: first, a parameter study of a turbulent flow, and second, computing material barriers to diffusive transport in the global ocean.