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Register a new userFirst test of a $mathrm{CdMoO_4}$ scintillating bolometer for neutrinoless double beta decay experiments with $mathrm{{}^{116}Cd}$ and $mathrm{{}^{100}Mo}$ nuclides
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A large cylindrical cadmium molybdate crystal with natural isotopic abundance has been used to fabricate a scintillating bolometer. The measurement was performed above ground at milli-Kelvin temperature, with simultaneous readout of the heat and the scintillation light. The energy resolution as FWHM has achieved from 5 keV (at 238 keV) to 13 keV (at 2615 keV). We present the results of the $alpha$ versus $beta$/$gamma$ events discrimination. The low internal trace contamination of the $mathrm{CdMoO_4}$ crystal was evaluated as well. The detector performance with preliminary positive indications proves that cadmium molybdate crystal is a promising absorber for neutrinoless double beta decay scintillating bolometric experiments with $mathrm{{}^{116}Cd}$ and $mathrm{{}^{100}Mo}$ nuclides in the next-generation technique.
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This paper reports on the development of a technology involving $^{100}$Mo-enriched scintillating bolometers, compatible with the goals of CUPID, a proposed next-generation bolometric experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Large mass ($sim$1~kg), high optical quality, radiopure $^{100}$Mo-containing zinc and lithium molybdate crystals have been produced and used to develop high performance single detector modules based on 0.2--0.4~kg scintillating bolometers. In particular, the energy resolution of the lithium molybdate detectors near the $Q$-value of the double-beta transition of $^{100}$Mo (3034~keV) is 4--6~keV FWHM. The rejection of the $alpha$-induced dominant background above 2.6~MeV is better than 8$sigma$. Less than 10~$mu$Bq/kg activity of $^{232}$Th ($^{228}$Th) and $^{226}$Ra in the crystals is ensured by boule recrystallization. The potential of $^{100}$Mo-enriched scintillating bolometers to perform high sensitivity double-beta decay searches has been demonstrated with only 10~kg$times$d exposure: the two neutrino double-beta decay half-life of $^{100}$Mo has been measured with the up-to-date highest accuracy as $T_{1/2}$ = [6.90 $pm$ 0.15(stat.) $pm$ 0.37(syst.)] $times$ 10$^{18}$~yr. Both crystallization and detector technologies favor lithium molybdate, which has been selected for the ongoing construction of the CUPID-0/Mo demonstrator, containing several kg of $^{100}$Mo.
The unique features (super-low background and large sensitive volume) of the CTF and BOREXINO set ups are used in the CAMEO project for a high sensitivity study of 100-Mo and 116-Cd neutrinoless double beta decay. Pilot measurements with 116-Cd and Monte Carlo simulations show that the sensitivity of the CAMEO experiment (in terms of the half-life limit for neutrinoless double beta decay) is (3-5) 10^24 yr with a 1 kg source of 100-Mo (116-Cd, 82-Se, and 150-Nd) and about 10^26 yr with 65 kg of enriched 116-CdWO_4 crystals placed in the liquid scintillator of the CTF. The last value corresponds to a limit on the neutrino mass of less than 0.06 eV. Similarly with 1000 kg of 116-CdWO_4 crystals located in the BOREXINO apparatus the neutrino mass limit can be pushed down to m_nu<0.02 eV.
NEXT-100 is an electroluminescent high-pressure xenon gas time projection chamber that will search for the neutrinoless double beta ($beta beta 0 u$) decay of Xe-136. The detector possesses two features of great value for $beta beta 0 u$ searches: energy resolution better than 1% FWHM at the $Q$ value of Xe-136 and track reconstruction for the discrimination of signal and background events. This combination results in excellent sensitivity, as discussed in this paper. Material-screening measurements and a detailed Monte Carlo detector simulation predict a background rate for NEXT-100 of at most $4times10^{-4}$ counts keV$^{-1}$ kg$^{-1}$ yr$^{-1}$. Accordingly, the detector will reach a sensitivity to the bbonu-decay half-life of $2.8times10^{25}$ years (90% CL) for an exposure of 100 $mathrm{kg}cdotmathrm{year}$, or $6.0times10^{25}$ years after a run of 3 effective years.
CUPID-Mo is a bolometric experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0 ubetabeta$) of $^{100}$Mo. In this article, we detail the CUPID-Mo detector concept, assembly, installation in the underground laboratory in Modane in 2018, and provide results from the first datasets. The demonstrator consists of an array of 20 scintillating bolometers comprised of $^{100}$Mo-enriched 0.2 kg Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals. The detectors are complemented by 20 thin cryogenic Ge bolometers acting as light detectors to distinguish $alpha$ from $gamma$/$beta$ events by the detection of both heat and scintillation light signals. We observe good detector uniformity, facilitating the operation of a large detector array as well as excellent energy resolution of 5.3 keV (6.5 keV) FWHM at 2615 keV, in calibration (physics) data. Based on the observed energy resolutions and light yields a separation of $alpha$ particles at much better than 99.9% with equally high acceptance for $gamma$/$beta$ events is expected for events in the region of interest for $^{100}$Mo $0 ubetabeta$. We present limits on the crystals radiopurity ($leq$3 $mu$Bq/kg of $^{226}$Ra and $leq$2 $mu$Bq/kg of $^{232}$Th). Based on these initial results we also discuss a sensitivity study for the science reach of the CUPID-Mo experiment, in particular, the ability to set the most stringent half-life limit on the $^{100}$Mo $0 ubetabeta$ decay after half a year of livetime. The achieved results show that CUPID-Mo is a successful demonstrator of the technology - developed in the framework of the LUMINEU project - selected for the CUPID experiment, a proposed follow-up of CUORE, the currently running first tonne-scale cryogenic $0 ubetabeta$ experiment.
The CUORE experiment is a large bolometric array searching for the lepton number violating neutrino-less double beta decay ($0 ubetabeta$) in the isotope $mathrm{^{130}Te}$. In this work we present the latest results on two searches for the double beta decay (DBD) of $mathrm{^{130}Te}$ to the first $0^{+}_2$ excited state of $mathrm{^{130}Xe}$: the $0 ubetabeta$ decay and the Standard Model-allowed two-neutrinos double beta decay ($2 ubetabeta$). Both searches are based on a 372.5 kg$times$yr TeO$_2$ exposure. The de-excitation gamma rays emitted by the excited Xe nucleus in the final state yield a unique signature, which can be searched for with low background by studying coincident events in two or more bolometers. The closely packed arrangement of the CUORE crystals constitutes a significant advantage in this regard. The median limit setting sensitivities at 90% Credible Interval (C.I.) of the given searches were estimated as $mathrm{S^{0 u}_{1/2} = 5.6 times 10^{24} : mathrm{yr}}$ for the ${0 ubetabeta}$ decay and $mathrm{S^{2 u}_{1/2} = 2.1 times 10^{24} : mathrm{yr}}$ for the ${2 ubetabeta}$ decay. No significant evidence for either of the decay modes was observed and a Bayesian lower bound at $90%$ C.I. on the decay half lives is obtained as: $mathrm{(T_{1/2})^{0 u}_{0^+_2} > 5.9 times 10^{24} : mathrm{yr}}$ for the $0 ubetabeta$ mode and $mathrm{(T_{1/2})^{2 u}_{0^+_2} > 1.3 times 10^{24} : mathrm{yr}}$ for the $2 ubetabeta$ mode. These represent the most stringent limits on the DBD of $^{130}$Te to excited states and improve by a factor $sim5$ the previous results on this process.
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