We investigate an extension of a lower bound on the Waring (cactus) rank of homogeneous forms due to Ranestad and Schreyer. We show that for particular classes of homogeneous forms, for which a generalization of this method applies, the lower bound extends to the level of border (cactus) rank. The approach is based on recent results on tensor asymptotic rank.
We show that the Waring rank of the $3 times 3$ determinant, previously known to be between $14$ and $18$, is at least $15$. We use syzygies of the apolar ideal, which have not been used in this way before. Additionally, we show that the cactus rank of the $3 times 3$ permanent is at least $14$.
The $X$-rank of a point $p$ in projective space is the minimal number of points of an algebraic variety $X$ whose linear span contains $p$. This notion is naturally submultiplicative under tensor product. We study geometric conditions that guarantee strict submultiplicativity. We prove that in the case of points of rank two, strict submultiplicativity is entirely characterized in terms of the trisecant lines to the variety. Moreover, we focus on the case of curves: we prove that for curves embedded in an even-dimensional projective space, there are always points for which strict submultiplicativity occurs, with the only exception of rational normal curves.
Whereas matrix rank is additive under direct sum, in 1981 Schonhage showed that one of its generalizations to the tensor setting, tensor border rank, can be strictly subadditive for tensors of order three. Whether border rank is additive for higher order tensors has remained open. In this work, we settle this problem by providing analogs of Schonhages construction for tensors of order four and higher. Schonhages work was motivated by the study of the computational complexity of matrix multiplication; we discuss implications of our results for the asymptotic rank of higher order generalizations of the matrix multiplication tensor.
We discuss the Waring rank of binary forms of degree 4 and 5, without multiple factors, and point out unexpected relations to the harmonic cross-ratio, j-invariants and the golden ratio. These computations of ranks for binary forms are used to show that the combinatorics of a line arrangement in the complex projective plane does not determine the Waring rank of the defining equation even in very simple situations.
It has recently been shown that the tensor rank can be strictly submultiplicative under the tensor product, where the tensor product of two tensors is a tensor whose order is the sum of the orders of the two factors. The necessary upper bounds were obtained with help of border rank. It was left open whether border rank itself can be strictly submultiplicative. We answer this question in the affirmative. In order to do so, we construct lines in projective space along which the border rank drops multiple times and use this result in conjunction with a previous construction for a tensor rank drop. Our results also imply strict submultiplicativity for cactus rank and border cactus rank.