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EPTCS
Publication date
2019
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
Authors
Giovanni de Felice
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No Arabic abstract
Distributional compositional (DisCo) models are functors that compute the meaning of a sentence from the meaning of its words. We show that DisCo models in the category of sets and relations correspond precisely to relational databases. As a consequence, we get complexity-theoretic reductions from semantics and entailment of a fragment of natural language to evaluation and containment of conjunctive queries, respectively. Finally, we define question answering as an NP-complete problem.
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We present some categorical investigations into Wittgensteins language-games, with applications to game-theoretic pragmatics and question-answering in natural language processing.
Although deep neural networks have achieved tremendous success for question answering (QA), they are still suffering from heavy computational and energy cost for real product deployment. Further, existing QA systems are bottlenecked by the encoding time of real-time questions with neural networks, thus suffering from detectable latency in deployment for large-volume traffic. To reduce the computational cost and accelerate real-time question answering (RTQA) for practical usage, we propose to remove all the neural networks from online QA systems, and present Ocean-Q (an Ocean of Questions), which introduces a new question generation (QG) model to generate a large pool of QA pairs offline, then in real time matches an input question with the candidate QA pool to predict the answer without question encoding. Ocean-Q can be readily deployed in existing distributed database systems or search engine for large-scale query usage, and much greener with no additional cost for maintaining large neural networks. Experiments on SQuAD(-open) and HotpotQA benchmarks demonstrate that Ocean-Q is able to accelerate the fastest state-of-the-art RTQA system by 4X times, with only a 3+% accuracy drop.
Open-domain Question Answering (ODQA) has achieved significant results in terms of supervised learning manner. However, data annotation cannot also be irresistible for its huge demand in an open domain. Though unsupervised QA or unsupervised Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) has been tried more or less, unsupervised ODQA has not been touched according to our best knowledge. This paper thus pioneers the work of unsupervised ODQA by formally introducing the task and proposing a series of key data construction methods. Our exploration in this work inspiringly shows unsupervised ODQA can reach up to 86% performance of supervised ones.
Question answering (QA) systems provide a way of querying the information available in various formats including, but not limited to, unstructured and structured data in natural languages. It constitutes a considerable part of conversational artificial intelligence (AI) which has led to the introduction of a special research topic on Conversational Question Answering (CQA), wherein a system is required to understand the given context and then engages in multi-turn QA to satisfy the users information needs. Whilst the focus of most of the existing research work is subjected to single-turn QA, the field of multi-turn QA has recently grasped attention and prominence owing to the availability of large-scale, multi-turn QA datasets and the development of pre-trained language models. With a good amount of models and research papers adding to the literature every year recently, there is a dire need of arranging and presenting the related work in a unified manner to streamline future research. This survey, therefore, is an effort to present a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research trends of CQA primarily based on reviewed papers from 2016-2021. Our findings show that there has been a trend shift from single-turn to multi-turn QA which empowers the field of Conversational AI from different perspectives. This survey is intended to provide an epitome for the research community with the hope of laying a strong foundation for the field of CQA.
Weakly-supervised table question-answering(TableQA) models have achieved state-of-art performance by using pre-trained BERT transformer to jointly encoding a question and a table to produce structured query for the question. However, in practical settings TableQA systems are deployed over table corpora having topic and word distributions quite distinct from BERTs pretraining corpus. In this work we simulate the practical topic shift scenario by designing novel challenge benchmarks WikiSQL-TS and WikiTQ-TS, consisting of train-dev-test splits in five distinct topic groups, based on the popular WikiSQL and WikiTableQuestions datasets. We empirically show that, despite pre-training on large open-domain text, performance of models degrades significantly when they are evaluated on unseen topics. In response, we propose T3QA (Topic Transferable Table Question Answering) a pragmatic adaptation framework for TableQA comprising of: (1) topic-specific vocabulary injection into BERT, (2) a novel text-to-text transformer generator (such as T5, GPT2) based natural language question generation pipeline focused on generating topic specific training data, and (3) a logical form reranker. We show that T3QA provides a reasonably good baseline for our topic shift benchmarks. We believe our topic split benchmarks will lead to robust TableQA solutions that are better suited for practical deployment.
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