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Phase broken $mu-tau$ symmetry and the neutrino mass hierarchy

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 Added by Salah Nasri
 Publication date 2019
  fields
and research's language is English




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Inspired by the neutrino oscillations data, we consider the exact $mu-tau$ symmetry, implemented at the level of the neutrino mass matrix, as a good initial framework around which to study and describe neutrino phenomenology. Working in the diagonal basis for the charged leptons, we deviate from $mu-tau$ symmetry by just modifying the phases of the neutrino mass matrix elements. This deviation is enough to allow for a non-vanishing neutrino mixing entry $|V_{e3}|$ (i.e. $theta_{13}$) but it also gives a very stringent (and eventually falsifiable) prediction for the atmospheric neutrino mixing element $|V_{mu3}|$ as a function of $|V_{e3}|$. The breaking by phases is characterized by a single phase and is shown to lead to interesting lower bounds on the allowed mass of the lightest neutrino depending on the ordering of neutrino masses (normal or inverted) and on the value of the Dirac ${cal CP}$ violating phase $delta_{CP}$. The allowed parameter space for the effective Majorana neutrino mass $m_{ee}$ is also shown to be non-trivially constrained.



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We discuss the viability of the $mu$--$tau$ interchange symmetry imposed on the neutrino mass matrix in the flavor space. Whereas the exact symmetry is shown to lead to textures of completely degenerate spectrum which is incompatible with the neutrino oscillation data, introducing small perturbations into the preceding textures, inserted in a minimal way, lead however to four deformed textures representing an approximate $mu$--$tau$ symmetry. We motivate the form of these `minimal textures, which disentangle the effects of the perturbations, and present some concrete realizations assuming exact $mu$--$tau$ at the Lagrangian level but at the expense of adding new symmetries and matter fields. We find that all these deformed textures are capable to accommodate the experimental data, and in all types of neutrino mass hierarchies, in particular the non-vanishing value for the smallest mixing angle.
The $mu$-$tau$ exchange symmetry in the neutrino mass matrix and its breaking as a perturbation are discussed. The exact $mu$-$tau$ symmetry restricts the 2-3 and 1-3 neutrino mixing angles as $theta_{23} = pi/4$ and $theta_{13} = 0$ at a zeroth order level. We claim that the $mu$-$tau$ symmetry breaking prefers a large CP violation to realize the observed value of $theta_{13}$ and to keep $theta_{23}$ nearly maximal, though an artificial choice of the $mu$-$tau$ breaking can tune $theta_{23}$, irrespective of the CP phase. We exhibit several relations among the deviation of $theta_{23}$ from $pi/4$, $theta_{13}$ and Dirac CP phase $delta$, which are useful to test the $mu$-$tau$ breaking models in the near future experiments. We also propose a concrete model to break the $mu$-$tau$ exchange symmetry spontaneously and its breaking is mediated by the gauge interactions radiatively in the framework of the extended gauge model with $B-L$ and $L_mu - L_tau$ symmetries. As a result of the gauge mediated $mu$-$tau$ breaking in the neutrino mass matrix, the artificial choice is unlikely, and a large Dirac CP phase is preferable.
Nonstandard interactions (NSIs), possible subleading effects originating from new physics beyond the Standard Model, may affect the propagation of neutrinos and eventually contribute to measurements of neutrino oscillations. Besides this, $ mu-tau $ reflection symmetry, naturally predicted by non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries, has been very successful in explaining the observed leptonic mixing patterns. In this work, we study the combined effect of both. We present an $S_4$ flavor model with $mu-tau$ reflection symmetry realized in both neutrino masses and NSIs. Under this formalism, we perform a detailed study for the upcoming neutrino experiments DUNE and T2HK. Our simulation results show that under the $mu-tau $ reflection symmetry, NSI parameters are further constrained and the mass ordering sensitivity is less affected by the presence of NSIs.
We study the consequences of the $Z_2$-symmetry behind the $mu$--$tau$ universality in neutrino mass matrix. We then implement this symmetry in the type-I seesaw mechanism and show how it can accommodate all sorts of lepton mass hierarchies and generate enough lepton asymmetry to interpret the observed baryon asymmetry in the universe. We also show how a specific form of a high-scale perturbation is kept when translated via the seesaw into the low scale domain, where it can accommodate the neutrino mixing data. We finally present a realization of the high scale perturbed texture through addition of matter and extra exact symmetries.
We have studied neutrinoless double beta decay and charged lepton flavour violation in broken $mu-tau$ symmetric neutrino masses in a generic left-right symmetric model (LRSM). The leading order $mu-tau$ symmetric mass matrix originates from the type I (II) seesaw mechanism, whereas the perturbations to $mu-tau$ symmetry in order for generation of non-zero reactor mixing angle $theta_{13}$, as required by latest neutrino oscillation data, originates from the type II (I) seesaw mechanism. In our work, we considered four different realizations of $mu-tau$ symmetry, viz. Tribimaximal Mixing (TBM), Bimaximal Mixing (BM), Hexagonal Mixing (HM) and Golden Ratio Mixing (GRM). We then studied the new physics contributions to neutrinoless double beta decay (NDBD) ignoring the left-right gauge boson mixing and the heavy-light neutrino mixing within the framework of LRSM. We have considered the mass of the gauge bosons and scalars to be around TeV and studied the effects of the new physics contributions on the effective mass and the NDBD half life and compared with the current experimental limit imposed by KamLAND-Zen. We further extended our analysis by correlating the lepton flavour violation of the decay processes, $left(murightarrow 3eright)$ and $left(murightarrow egammaright)$ with the lightest neutrino mass and atmospheric mixing angle $theta_{23}$ respectively.
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