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The objective of this study is a better understanding of the relationships between reduction and continuity. Solovay reduction is a variation of Turing reduction based on the distance of two real numbers. We characterize Solovay reduction by the existence of a certain real function that is computable (in the sense of computable analysis) and Lipschitz continuous. We ask whether there exists a reducibility concept that corresponds to Holder continuity. The answer is affirmative. We introduce quasi Solovay reduction and characterize this new reduction via Holder continuity. In addition, we separate it from Solovay reduction and Turing reduction and investigate the relationships between complete sets and partial randomness.
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The literature provides dichotomies involving homomorphisms (like the G 0 dichotomy) or reductions (like the characterization of sets potentially in a Wadge class of Borel sets, which holds on a subset of a product). However, part of the motivation behind the latter result was to get reductions on the whole product, like in the classical notion of Borel reducibility considered in the study of analytic equivalence relations. This is not possible in general. We show that, under some acyclicity (and also topological) assumptions, this is widely possible. In particular, we prove that, for any non-self dual Borel class {Gamma}, there is a concrete finite =< c-antichain basis for the class of Borel relations, whose closure has acyclic symmetrization, and which are not potentially in {Gamma}. Along similar lines, we provide a sufficient condition for =< c-reducing G 0. We also prove a similar result giving a minimum set instead of an antichain if we allow rectangular reductions.
In this paper we consider properties of medians as they pertain to the continuity and vanishing oscillation of a function. Our approach is based on the observation that medians are related to local sharp maximal functions restricted to a cube of $R^n$.
We investigate the energy-constrained (EC) diamond norm distance between unitary channels acting on possibly infinite-dimensional quantum systems, and establish a number of results. Firstly, we prove that optimal EC discrimination between two unitary channels does not require the use of any entanglement. Extending a result by Acin, we also show that a finite number of parallel queries suffices to achieve zero error discrimination even in this EC setting. Secondly, we employ EC diamond norms to study a novel type of quantum speed limits, which apply to pairs of quantum dynamical semigroups. We expect these results to be relevant for benchmarking internal dynamics of quantum devices. Thirdly, we establish a version of the Solovay--Kitaev theorem that applies to the group of Gaussian unitaries over a finite number of modes, with the approximation error being measured with respect to the EC diamond norm relative to the photon number Hamiltonian.
In most practical applications of reinforcement learning, it is untenable to maintain direct estimates for individual states; in continuous-state systems, it is impossible. Instead, researchers often leverage state similarity (whether explicitly or implicitly) to build models that can generalize well from a limited set of samples. The notion of state similarity used, and the neighbourhoods and topologies they induce, is thus of crucial importance, as it will directly affect the performance of the algorithms. Indeed, a number of recent works introduce algorithms assuming the existence of well-behaved neighbourhoods, but leave the full specification of such topologies for future work. In this paper we introduce a unified formalism for defining these topologies through the lens of metrics. We establish a hierarchy amongst these metrics and demonstrate their theoretical implications on the Markov Decision Process specifying the reinforcement learning problem. We complement our theoretical results with empirical evaluations showcasing the differences between the metrics considered.
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