After a decade of great progress in understanding gas flow into, out of, and through the Milky Way, we are poised to merge observations with simulations to build a comprehensive picture of the multi-scale magnetized interstellar medium (ISM). These insights will also be crucial to four bold initiatives in the 2020s: detecting nanohertz gravitational waves with pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), decoding fast radio bursts (FRBs), cosmic B-mode detection, and imaging the Milky Ways black hole with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT).
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