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Register a new userPrevalence of radio jets associated with galactic outflows and feedback from quasars
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We present 1-7 GHz high-resolution radio imaging (VLA and e-MERLIN) and spatially-resolved ionized gas kinematics for ten z<0.2 type~2 `obscured quasars (log [L(AGN)/(erg/s)]>~45) with moderate radio luminosities (log [L(1.4GHz)/(W/Hz)]=23.3-24.4). These targets were selected to have known ionized outflows based on broad [OIII] emission-line components (FWHM~800-1800 km/s). Although `radio-quiet and not `radio AGN by many traditional criteria, we show that for nine of the targets, star formation likely accounts for <~10 per cent of the radio emission. We find that ~80-90 per cent of these nine targets exhibit extended radio structures on 1-25 kpc scales. The quasars radio morphologies, spectral indices and position on the radio size-luminosity relationship reveals that these sources are consistent with being low power compact radio galaxies. Therefore, we favour radio jets as dominating the radio emission in the majority of these quasars. The radio jets we observe are associated with morphologically and kinematically distinct features in the ionized gas, such as increased turbulence and outflowing bubbles, revealing jet-gas interaction on galactic scales. Importantly, such conclusions could not have been drawn from current low-resolution radio surveys such as FIRST. Our observations support a scenario where compact radio jets, with modest radio luminosities, are a crucial feedback mechanism for massive galaxies during a quasar phase.
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We present the analysis of 35.5 square degrees of images in the 1-0S(1) line of H2 from the UK Widefield Infrared Survey for H2 (UWISH2) towards Cassiopeia and Auriga. We have identified 98 Molecular Hydrogen emission-line Objects (MHOs) driven by Young Stellar Objects, 60% of which are bipolar outflows and all are new discoveries. We estimate that the UWISH2 extended emission object catalogue contains fewer than % false positives and is complete at the 95% level for jets and outflows brighter than the UWISH2 detection limit. We identified reliable driving source candidates for three quarters of the detected outflows, 40% of which are associated with groups and clusters of stars. The driving source candidates are 20% protostars, the remainder are CTTSs. We also identified 15 new star cluster candidates near MHOs in the survey area. We find that the typical outflow identified in the sample has the following characteristics: the position angles are randomly orientated; bipolar outflows are straight within a few degrees; the two lobes are slightly asymmetrical in length and brightness; the length and brightness of the lobes are not correlated; typical time gaps between major ejections of material are 1-3kyr, hence FU-Ori or EX-Ori eruptions are most likely not the cause of these, but we suggest MNors as a possible source. Furthermore, we find that outflow lobe length distributions are statistically different from the widely used total length distributions. There are a larger than expected number of bright outflows indicating that the flux distribution does not follow a power law.
We present deep, multi-VLA-configuration radio images for a set of 18 quasars, having redshifts between 0.36 and 2.5, from the 7C quasar survey. Approximately one quarter of these quasars have FRI-type twin-jet structures and the remainder are a broad range of wide angle tail, fat double, classical double, core-jet and hybrid sources. These images demonstrate that FRI quasars are prevalent in the universe, rather than non-existent as had been suggested in the literature prior to the serendipitous discovery of the first FRI quasar a few years ago, the optically powerful radio quiet quasar E1821+643. Some of the FRI quasars have radio luminosities exceeding the traditional FRI / FRII break luminosity, however we find no evidence for FRII quasars with luminosities significantly below the break. We consider whether the existence of such high luminosity FRI structures is due to the increasingly inhomogeneous environments in the higher redshift universe.
Outflows from active galactic nuclei (AGN) are one of the fundamental mechanisms by which the central supermassive black hole interacts with its host galaxy. Detected in $ge 50%$ of nearby AGN, these outflows have been found to carry kinetic energy that is a significant fraction of AGN power, and thereby give negative feedback to their host galaxies. To understand the physical processes that regulate them, it is important to have a robust estimate of their physical and dynamical parameters. In this review we summarize our current understanding on the physics of the ionized outflows detected in absorption in the UV and X-ray wavelength bands. We discuss the most relevant observations and our current knowledge and uncertainties in the measurements of the outflow parameters. We also discuss their origin and acceleration mechanisms. The commissioning and concept studies of large telescope missions with high resolution spectrographs in UV/optical and X-rays along with rapid advancements in simulations offer great promise for discoveries in this field over the next decade.
[abridged] Aims: We test the effects of re-orienting jets from an active galactic nucleus (AGN) on the intracluster medium in a galaxy cluster environment with short central cooling time. We investigate appearance and properties of the resulting cavities, and the efficiency of jets in providing near-isotropic heating to the cooling cluster core. Methods: We use numerical simulations to explore four models of jets over several active/inactive cycles. We keep the jet power and duration fixed, varying only the jet angle prescription. We track the total energy of the intracluster medium (ICM) in the cluster core over time, and the fraction of the jet energy transferred to the ICM, paying attention to where the energy is deposited. We also compare synthetic X-ray images of the simulated cluster to actual observations. Results: Jets whose re-orientation is minimal ($lesssim 20^{circ}$) typically produce conical structures of interconnected cavities, with the opening angle of the cones being $sim 15-20^{circ}$, extending to $sim 300$ kpc from the cluster centre. Such jets transfer about $60%$ of their energy to the ICM, yet they are not very efficient at heating the cluster core, as the jet energy is deposited further out. Jets that re-orient by $gtrsim 20^{circ}$ generally produce multiple pairs of detached cavities. Although smaller, these cavities are inflated within the central 50~kpc and are more isotropically distributed, resulting in more effective heating of the core. Such jets, over few hundreds Myr, can deposit up to $80%$ of their energy where it is required. Consequently, these models come the closest to an heating/cooling balance and to mitigating runaway cooling of the core, even though all models have identical power/duration profiles. Additionally, the corresponding synthetic X-ray images exhibit structures closely resembling those seen in real cool-core clusters.
We present the new TNG50 cosmological, magnetohydrodynamical simulation -- the third and final volume of the IllustrisTNG project. This simulation occupies a unique combination of large volume and high resolution, with a 50 Mpc box sampled by 2160^3 gas cells (baryon mass of 8x10^4 Msun). The median spatial resolution of star-forming ISM gas is ~100-140 parsecs. This resolution approaches or exceeds that of modern zoom simulations of individual massive galaxies, while the volume contains ~20,000 resolved galaxies with M*>10^7 Msun. Herein we show first results from TNG50, focusing on galactic outflows driven by supernovae as well as supermassive black hole feedback. We find that the outflow mass loading is a non-monotonic function of galaxy stellar mass, turning over and rising rapidly above 10^10.5 Msun due to the action of the central black hole. Outflow velocity increases with stellar mass, and at fixed mass is faster at higher redshift. The TNG model can produce high velocity, multi-phase outflows which include cool, dense components. These outflows reach speeds in excess of 3000 km/s out to 20 kpc with an ejective, BH-driven origin. Critically, we show how the relative simplicity of model inputs (and scalings) at the injection scale produces complex behavior at galactic and halo scales. For example, despite isotropic wind launching, outflows exhibit natural collimation and an emergent bipolarity. Furthermore, galaxies above the star-forming main sequence drive faster outflows, although this correlation inverts at high mass with the onset of quenching, whereby low luminosity, slowly accreting, massive black holes drive the strongest outflows.
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