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Register a new userDetection of a quasi-periodic oscillation in gamma-ray light curve of the high redshift blazar B2 1520+31
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We detected a possible quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) of ~ 71 days in the 0.1 -- 300 GeV gamma-ray Fermi-LAT light curve of the high redshift flat spectrum radio quasar B2 1520+31. We identify and confirm that quasi-period by Lomb Scargle periodogram (LSP), and weighted wavelet z-transform (WWZ) analyses. Using this QPO period, and assuming it originates from accretion-disc fluctuations at the innermost stable circular orbit, we estimate the central supermassive black hole mass to range between ~ 5.4 * 10$^{9}$ M$_{odot}$ for a non-rotating black hole and ~ 6.0 * 10$^{10}$ M$_{odot}$ for a maximally rotating black hole. We briefly discuss other possible radio-loud active galactic nuclei emission models capable of producing a gamma-ray QPO of such a period in a blazar.
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We report the detection of a probable $gamma$-ray quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) of around 314 days in the monthly binned 0.1 -- 300 GeV $gamma$-ray {it Fermi}-LAT light curve of the well known BL Lac blazar OJ 287. To identify and quantify the QPO nature of the $gamma$-ray light curve of OJ 287, we used the Lomb-Scargle periodogram (LSP), REDFIT, and weighted wavelet z-transform (WWZ) analyses. We briefly discuss possible emission models for radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) that can explain a $gamma$-ray QPO of such a period in a blazar. Reports of changes in the position of quasi-stationary radio knots over a yearly timescale as well as a strong correlation between gamma-ray and mm-radio emission in previous studies indicate that the signal is probably associated with these knots.
The OVRO 40-m telescope has been monitoring the 15 GHz radio flux density of over 1200 blazars since 2008. The 15 GHz light curve of the flat spectrum radio quasar J1359+4011 shows a strong and persistent quasi-periodic oscillation. The time-scale of the oscillation varies between 120 and 150 days over a $sim4$ year time span. We interpret this as the active galactic nucleus mass-scaled analog of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations from Galactic microquasars, or as evidence of modulation of the accretion flow by thermal instabilites in the inner accretion disc.
High-redshift ($z>2$) blazars are the most powerful members of the blazar family. Yet, only a handful of them have both X-ray and $gamma$-ray detection, thereby making it difficult to characterize the energetics of the most luminous jets. Here, we report, for the first time, the Fermi-Large Area Telescope detection of the significant $gamma$-ray emission from the high-redshift blazar DA 193 ($z=2.363$). Its time-averaged $gamma$-ray spectrum is soft ($gamma$-ray photon index = $2.9pm0.1$) and together with a relatively flat hard X-ray spectrum (14$-$195 keV photon index = $1.5pm0.4$), DA 193 presents a case to study a typical high-redshift blazar with inverse Compton peak being located at MeV energies. An intense GeV flare was observed from this object in the first week of 2018 January, a phenomenon rarely observed from high-redshift sources. What makes this event a rare one is the observation of an extremely hard $gamma$-ray spectrum (photon index = $1.7pm0.2$), which is somewhat unexpected since high-redshift blazars typically exhibit a steep falling spectrum at GeV energies. The results of our multi-frequency campaign, including both space- (Fermi, NuSTAR, and Swift) and ground-based (Steward and Nordic Optical Telescope) observatories, are presented and this peculiar $gamma$-ray flare is studied within the framework of a single-zone leptonic emission scenario.
Long-term gamma-ray variability of a non-blazar Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) PKS 0521-36 is investigated by using Fermi-LAT pass 8 data covering from 2008 August to 2021 March. The results show that the histogram of the gamma-ray fluxes follows a log-normal distribution. Interestingly, in the analysis of about 5.8-year (from MJD 56317 to 58447) LAT data between two outbursts (occurring during 2012 October and 2019 May respectively), a quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) with a period of about 1.1 years (about 5 sigma of significance) is found in the Lomb-Scargle Periodogram (LSP), the Weighted Wavelet Z-transform (WWZ) and the REDFIT results. This quasi-periodic signal also appears in the results of Gaussian process modeling the light curve. Therefore, the robustness of the QPO is examined by four different methods. This is the first gamma-ray QPO found in a mildly beamed jet. Our results imply that the gamma-ray outbursts play an important role in the formation of the gamma-ray QPO.
We report on quasi-periodic variability found in two blazars included in the Steward Observatory Blazar Monitoring data sample: the BL Lac object 3C 66A and the Flat Spectrum Radio Quasar B2 1633+38. We collect optical photometric and polarimetric data in V and R bands of these sources from different observatories: St. Petersburg University, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, WEBT-GASP, Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey, Steward Observatory, STELLA Robotic Observatory and Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope. In addition, an analysis of the $gamma$-ray light curves from $textit{Fermi}$-LAT is included. Three methods are used to search for any periodic behaviour in the data: the Z-transform Discrete Correlation Function, the Lomb-Scargle periodogram and the Weighted Wavelet Z-transform. We find evidences of possible quasi-periodic variability in the optical photometric data of both sources with periods of $sim$3 years for 3C 66A and $sim$1.9 years for B2 1633+38, with significances between 3$sigma$ and 5$sigma$. Only B2 1633+38 shows evidence of this behaviour in the optical polarized data set at a confidence level of 2$sigma$-4$sigma$. This is the first reported evidence of quasi-periodic behaviour in the optical light curve of B2 1633+38. Also a hint of quasi-periodic behaviour is found in the $gamma$-ray light curve of B2 1633+38 with a confidence level $geqslant$2$sigma$, while no periodicity is observed for 3C 66A in this energy range. We propose different jet emission models that could explain the quasi-periodic variability and the differences found between these two sources.
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