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We study Kahler-Dirac fermions on Euclidean dynamical triangulations. This fermion formulation furnishes a natural extension of staggered fermions to random geometries without requring vielbeins and spin connections. We work in the quenched approximation where the geometry is allowed to fluctuate but there is no back-reaction from the matter on the geometry. By examining the eigenvalue spectrum and the masses of scalar mesons we find evidence for a four fold degeneracy in the fermion spectrum in the large volume, continuum limit. It is natural to associate this degeneracy with the well known equivalence in continuum flat space between the Kahler-Dirac fermion and four copies of a Dirac fermion. Lattice effects then lift this degeneracy in a manner similar to staggered fermions on regular lattices. The evidence that these discretization effects vanish in the continuum limit suggests both that lattice continuum Kahler-Dirac fermions are recovered at that point, and that this limit truly corresponds to smooth continuum geometries. One additional advantage of the Kahler-Dirac action is that it respects an exact $U(1)$ symmetry on any random triangulation. This $U(1)$ symmetry is related to continuum chiral symmetry. By examining fermion bilinear condensates we find strong evidence that this $U(1)$ symmetry is not spontaneously broken in the model at order the Planck scale. This is a necessary requirement if models based on dynamical triangulations are to provide a valid ultraviolet complete formulation of quantum gravity.
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The dynamical triangulations approach to quantum gravity is investigated in detail for the first time in five dimensions. In this case, the most general action that is linear in components of the f-vector has three terms. It was suspected that the corresponding space of couplings would yield a rich phase structure. This work is primarily motivated by the hope that this new viewpoint will lead to a deeper understanding of dynamical triangulations in general. Ultimately, this research programme may give a better insight into the potential application of dynamical triangulations to quantum gravity. This thesis serves as an exploratory study of this uncharted territory. The five dimensional (k,l) moves used in the Monte Carlo algorithm are proven to be ergodic in the space of combinatorially equivalent simplicial 5-manifolds. A statement is reached regarding the possible existence of an exponential upper bound on the number of combinatorially equivalent triangulations of the 5-sphere. Monte Carlo simulations reveal non-trivial phase structure which is analysed in some detail. Further investigations deal with the geometric and fractal nature of triangulations. This is followed by a characterisation of the weak coupling limit in terms of stacked spheres. Simple graph theory arguments are used to reproduce and generalise a well-known result in combinatorial topology. Finally, a comprehensive study of singular structures in dynamical triangulations is presented. It includes a new understanding of their existence, which appears to be consistent with the non-existence of singular vertices in three dimensions. The thesis is concluded with an overview of results, general discussion and suggestions for future work.
HMC histories for light dynamical overlap fermions tend to stay in a fixed topological sector for many trajectories, so that the different sectors are not sampled properly. Therefore the suitable summation of observables, which have been measured in separate sectors, is a major challenge. We explore several techniques for this issue, based on data for the chiral condensate and the (analogue of the) pion mass in the 2-flavour Schwinger model with dynamical overlap-hypercube fermions.
We report on our study of two-flavor full QCD on anisotropic lattices using $O(a)$-improved Wilson quarks coupled with an RG-improved glue. The bare gauge and quark anisotropies corresponding to the renormalized anisotropy $xi=a_s/a_t = 2$ are determined as functions of $beta$ and $kappa$, using the Wilson loop and the meson dispersion relation at several lattice cutoffs and quark masses.
For dynamical triangulations in dimensions d<=4 the most general action has two couplings. We note that the most general action for d=5 has three couplings. We explore this larger coupling space using Monte Carlo simulations. Initial results indicate evidence for non-trivial phase structure.
The type IIB matrix model, also known as the IKKT matrix model, is a promising candidate for a nonperturbative formulation of superstring theory. In this talk we study the Euclidean version of the IKKT matrix model, which has a sign problem due to the Pfaffian coming from integrating out the fermionic degrees of freedom. To study the spontaneous breaking of the SO(10) rotational symmetry, we apply the Complex Langevin Method (CLM) to the Euclidean IKKT matrix model. We conclude that the SO(10) symmetry is broken to SO(3), in agreement with the previous studies by the Gaussian Expansion Method (GEM). We also apply the GEM to the deformed model and find consistency with the CLM result. These are proceedings of Takehiro Azumas talk at Asia-Pacific Symposium for Lattice Field Theory (APLAT 2020) on August 4-7, 2020, based on the paper arXiv:2002.07410.
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