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Register a new userMeasurements of Dielectron Production in Au$+$Au Collisions at $sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV from the STAR Experiment
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We report systematic measurements of dielectron ($e^{pm}e^{pm}$) invariant-mass $M_{ee}$ spectra at mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at $sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV taken with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. For all energies studied, a significant excess yield of dielectrons is observed in the low-mass region (0.40$ < M_{ee} < 0.75$ MeV/$c^2$) compared to hadronic cocktail simulations at freeze-out. Models that include an in-medium broadening of the $rho$-meson spectral function consistently describe the observed excess. In addition, we report acceptance-corrected dielectron-excess spectra for Au+Au collisions at mid-rapidity ($left|y_{ee}right|$ $<$ 1) in the 0$-$80% centrality bin for each collision energy. The integrated excess yields for $0.4 < M_{ee} < 0.75 textrm{GeV}/c^{2}$, normalized by the charged particle multiplicity at mid-rapidity, are compared with previously published measurements for Au+Au at $sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 and 200 GeV. The normalized excess yields in the low-mass region show no significant collision energy dependence. The data, however, are consistent with model calculations that demonstrate a modest energy dependence.
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We present measurements of $e^+e^-$ production at midrapidity in Au$+$Au collisions at $sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV. The invariant yield is studied within the PHENIX detector acceptance over a wide range of mass ($m_{ee} <$ 5 GeV/$c^2$) and pair transverse momentum ($p_T$ $<$ 5 GeV/$c$), for minimum bias and for five centrality classes. The ee yield is compared to the expectations from known sources. In the low-mass region ($m_{ee}=0.30$--0.76 GeV/$c^2$) there is an enhancement that increases with centrality and is distributed over the entire pair pt range measured. It is significantly smaller than previously reported by the PHENIX experiment and amounts to $2.3pm0.4({rm stat})pm0.4({rm syst})pm0.2^{rm model}$ or to $1.7pm0.3({rm stat})pm0.3({rm syst})pm0.2^{rm model}$ for minimum bias collisions when the open-heavy-flavor contribution is calculated with {sc pythia} or {sc mc@nlo}, respectively. The inclusive mass and $p_T$ distributions as well as the centrality dependence are well reproduced by model calculations where the enhancement mainly originates from the melting of the $rho$ meson resonance as the system approaches chiral symmetry restoration. In the intermediate-mass region ($m_{ee}$ = 1.2--2.8 GeV/$c^2$), the data hint at a significant contribution in addition to the yield from the semileptonic decays of heavy-flavor mesons.
We report on measurements of dielectron ($e^+e^-$) production in Au$+$Au collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV per nucleon-nucleon pair using the STAR detector at RHIC. Systematic measurements of the dielectron yield as a function of transverse momentum ($p_{rm T}$) and collision centrality show an enhancement compared to a cocktail simulation of hadronic sources in the low invariant-mass region ($M_{ee}<$ 1 GeV/$c^2$). This enhancement cannot be reproduced by the $rho$-meson vacuum spectral function. In minimum-bias collisions, in the invariant-mass range of 0.30 $-$ 0.76 GeV/$c^2$, integrated over the full $p_{rm T}$ acceptance, the enhancement factor is 1.76 $pm$ 0.06 (stat.) $pm$ 0.26 (sys.) $pm$ 0.29 (cocktail). The enhancement factor exhibits weak centrality and $p_{rm T}$ dependence in STARs accessible kinematic regions, while the excess yield in this invariant-mass region as a function of the number of participating nucleons follows a power-law shape with a power of 1.44 $pm$ 0.10. Models that assume an in-medium broadening of the $rho$ meson spectral function consistently describe the observed excess in these measurements. Additionally, we report on measurements of $omega$ and $phi$-meson production through their $e^+e^-$ decay channel. These measurements show good agreement with Tsallis Blast-Wave model predictions as well as, in the case of the $phi$-meson, results through its $K^+K^-$ decay channel. In the intermediate invariant-mass region (1.1$<M_{ee}<$ 3 GeV/$c^2$), we investigate the spectral shapes from different collision centralities. Physics implications for possible in-medium modification of charmed hadron production and other physics sources are discussed.
We present STAR measurements of strange hadron ($mathrm{K}^{0}_{mathrm S}$, $Lambda$, $overline{Lambda}$, $Xi^-$, $overline{Xi}^+$, $Omega^-$, $overline{Omega}^+$, and $phi$) production at mid-rapidity ($|y| < 0.5$) in Au+Au collisions at $sqrt{s_{_{mathrm{NN}}}}$ = 7.7 - 39 GeV from the Beam Energy Scan Program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Transverse momentum spectra, averaged transverse mass, and the overall integrated yields of these strange hadrons are presented versus the centrality and collision energy. Antibaryon-to-baryon ratios ($overline{Lambda}$/$Lambda$, $overline{Xi}^+$/$Xi^-$, $overline{Omega}^+$/$Omega^-$) are presented as well, and used to test a thermal statistical model and to extract the temperature normalized strangeness and baryon chemical potentials at hadronic freeze-out ($mu_{B}/T_{rm ch}$ and $mu_{S}/T_{rm ch}$) in central collisions. Strange baryon-to-pion ratios are compared to various model predictions in central collisions for all energies. The nuclear modification factors ($R_{textrm{CP}}$) and antibaryon-to-meson ratios as a function of transverse momentum are presented for all collision energies. The $mathrm{K}^{0}_{mathrm S}$ $R_{textrm{CP}}$ shows no suppression for $p_{rm T}$ up to 3.5 $mathrm{GeV} / c$ at energies of 7.7 and 11.5 GeV. The $overline{Lambda}$/$mathrm{K}^{0}_{mathrm S}$ ratio also shows baryon-to-meson enhancement at intermediate $p_{rm T}$ ($approx$2.5 $mathrm{GeV} / c$) in central collisions at energies above 19.6 GeV. Both observations suggest that there is likely a change of the underlying strange quark dynamics at collision energies below 19.6 GeV.
We present measurements of electrons and positrons from the semileptonic decays of heavy-flavor hadrons at midrapidity ($|y|<$ 0.35) in Au$+$Au collisions at $sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=62.4$ GeV. The data were collected in 2010 by the PHENIX experiment that included the new hadron-blind detector. The invariant yield of electrons from heavy-flavor decays is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range $1<p_T^e<5$ GeV/$c$. The invariant yield per binary collision is slightly enhanced above the $p$$+$$p$ reference in Au$+$Au 0%--20%, 20%--40% and 40%--60% centralities at a comparable level. This may be a result of the interplay between initial-state Cronin effects, final-state flow, and energy loss for heavy-quark production at this low beam energy. The $v_2$ of electrons from heavy-flavor decays is nonzero when averaged between $1.3<p_T^e<2.5$ GeV/$c$ from $0<{rm centrality}<40$% collisions at $sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=62.4$ GeV. For 20%--40% centrality collisions, the $v_2$ at $sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=62.4$ GeV is smaller than that for heavy flavor decays at $sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV. The $v_2$ of the electrons from heavy-flavor decay at the lower beam energy is also smaller than $v_2$ for pions. Both results indicate that the heavy-quarks interact with the medium formed in these collisions, but they may not be at the same level of thermalization with the medium as observed at $sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV.
The inclusive $J/psi$ transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) spectra and nuclear modification factors are reported at midrapidity ($|y|<1.0$) in Au+Au collisions at $sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 39, 62.4 and 200 GeV taken by the STAR experiment. A suppression of $J/psi$ production, with respect to {color{black}the production in $p+p$ scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions}, is observed in central Au+Au collisions at these three energies. No significant energy dependence of nuclear modification factors is found within uncertainties. The measured nuclear modification factors can be described by model calculations that take into account both suppression of direct $J/psi$ production due to the color screening effect and $J/psi$ regeneration from recombination of uncorrelated charm-anticharm quark pairs.
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