No Arabic abstract
The necessary and sufficient conditions under which a given family $mathcal{F}$ of subsets of finite set $X$ coincides with the family $mathbf{B}_X$ of all balls generated by some ultrametric $d$ on $X$ are found. It is shown that the representing tree of the ultrametric space $(mathbf{B}_{X}, d_H)$ with the Hausdorff distance $d_H$ can be obtained from the representing tree $T_X$ of ultrametric space $(X, d)$ by adding a leaf to every internal vertex of $T_X$.
A metric space $X$ is rigid if the isometry group of $X$ is trivial. The finite ultrametric spaces $X$ with $|X| geq 2$ are not rigid since for every such $X$ there is a self-isometry having exactly $|X|-2$ fixed points. Using the representing trees we characterize the finite ultrametric spaces $X$ for which every self-isometry has at least $|X|-2$ fixed points. Some other extremal properties of such spaces and related graph theoretical characterizations are also obtained.
Negative type inequalities arise in the study of embedding properties of metric spaces, but they often reduce to intractable combinatorial problems. In this paper we study more quantitati
We study extremal properties of finite ultrametric spaces $X$ and related properties of representing trees $T_X$. The notion of weak similarity for such spaces is introduced and related morphisms of labeled rooted trees are found. It is shown that the finite rooted trees are isomorphic to the rooted trees of nonsingular balls of special finite ultrametric spaces. We also found conditions under which the isomorphism of representing trees $T_X$ and $T_Y$ implies the isometricity of ultrametric spaces $X$ and $Y$.
Given four congruent balls $A, B, C, D$ in $R^{d}$ that have disjoint interior and admit a line that intersects them in the order $ABCD$, we show that the distance between the centers of consecutive balls is smaller than the distance between the centers of $A$ and $D$. This allows us to give a new short proof that $n$ interior-disjoint congruent balls admit at most three geometric permutations, two if $nge 7$. We also make a conjecture that would imply that $ngeq 4$ such balls admit at most two geometric permutations, and show that if the conjecture is false, then there is a counter-example of a highly degenerate nature.
In this work we study the issue of geodesic extendibility on complete and locally compact metric length spaces. We focus on the geometric structure of the space $(Sigma (X),d_H)$ of compact balls endowed with the Hausdorff distance and give an explicit isometry between $(Sigma (X),d_H)$ and the closed half-space $ Xtimes mathbb{R}_{ge 0}$ endowed with a taxicab metric. Among the applications we establish a group isometry between $mbox{Iso} (X,d)$ and $mbox{Iso} (Sigma (X),d_H)$ when $(X,d)$ is a Hadamard space.