No Arabic abstract
We investigate the dependence of galaxy clustering at $z sim 4 - 7$ on UV-luminosity and stellar mass. Our sample consists of $sim$ 10,000 Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) in the XDF and CANDELS fields. As part of our analysis, the $M_star - M_{rm UV}$ relation is estimated for the sample, which is found to have a nearly linear slope of $dlog_{10} M_star / d M_{rm UV} sim 0.44$. We subsequently measure the angular correlation function and bias in different stellar mass and luminosity bins. We focus on comparing the clustering dependence on these two properties. While UV-luminosity is only related to recent starbursts of a galaxy, stellar mass reflects the integrated build-up of the whole star formation history, which should make it more tightly correlated with halo mass. Hence, the clustering segregation with stellar mass is expected to be larger than with luminosity. However, our measurements suggest that the segregation with luminosity is larger with $simeq 90%$ confidence (neglecting contributions from systematic errors). We compare this unexpected result with predictions from the textsc{Meraxes} semi-analytic galaxy formation model. Interestingly, the model reproduces the observed angular correlation functions, and also suggests stronger clustering segregation with luminosity. The comparison between our observations and the model provides evidence of multiple halo occupation in the small scale clustering.
We study the dependence of galaxy clustering on luminosity and stellar mass at redshifts z ~ [0.2-1] using the first zCOSMOS 10K sample. We measure the redshift-space correlation functions xi(rp,pi) and its projection wp(rp) for sub-samples covering different luminosity, mass and redshift ranges. We quantify in detail the observational selection biases and we check our covariance and error estimate techniques using ensembles of semi-analytic mock catalogues. We finally compare our measurements to the cosmological model predictions from the mock surveys. At odds with other measurements, we find a weak dependence of galaxy clustering on luminosity in all redshift bins explored. A mild dependence on stellar mass is instead observed. At z~0.7, wp(rp) shows strong excess power on large scales. We interpret this as produced by large-scale structure dominating the survey volume and extending preferentially in direction perpendicular to the line-of-sight. We do not see any significant evolution with redshift of the amplitude of clustering for bright and/or massive galaxies. The clustering measured in the zCOSMOS data at 0.5<z<1 for galaxies with log(M/M_odot)>=10 is only marginally consistent with predictions from the mock surveys. On scales larger than ~2 h^-1 Mpc, the observed clustering amplitude is compatible only with ~1% of the mocks. Thus, if the power spectrum of matter is LCDM with standard normalization and the bias has no unnatural scale-dependence, this result indicates that COSMOS has picked up a particularly rare, ~2-3 sigma positive fluctuation in a volume of ~10^6 h^-1 Mpc^3. These findings underline the need for larger surveys of the z~1 Universe to appropriately characterize the level of structure at this epoch.
We present results on the clustering properties of galaxies as a function of both stellar mass and specific star formation rate (sSFR) using data from the PRIMUS and DEEP2 galaxy redshift surveys spanning 0.2 < z < 1.2. We use spectroscopic redshifts of over 100,000 galaxies covering an area of 7.2 deg^2 over five separate fields on the sky, from which we calculate cosmic variance errors. We find that the galaxy clustering amplitude is as strong of a function of sSFR as of stellar mass, and that at a given sSFR, it does not significantly depend on stellar mass within the range probed here. We further find that within the star-forming population and at a given stellar mass, galaxies above the main sequence of star formation with higher sSFR are less clustered than galaxies below the main sequence with lower sSFR. We also find that within the quiescent population, galaxies with higher sSFR are less clustered than galaxies with lower sSFR, at a given stellar mass. We show that the galaxy clustering amplitude smoothly increases with both increasing stellar mass and decreasing sSFR, implying that galaxies likely evolve across the main sequence, not only along it, before galaxies eventually become quiescent. These results imply that the stellar mass to halo mass relation, which connects galaxies to dark matter halos, likely depends on sSFR.
We investigate the dependence of galaxy clustering on luminosity and stellar mass in the redshift range 0.5<z<1.1, using the first ~55000 redshifts from the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). We measured the redshift-space two-point correlation functions (2PCF), and the projected correlation function, in samples covering different ranges of B-band absolute magnitudes and stellar masses. We considered both threshold and binned galaxy samples, with median B-band absolute magnitudes -21.6<MB-5log(h)<-19.5 and median stellar masses 9.8<log(M*[Msun/h^2])<10.7. We assessed the real-space clustering in the data from the projected correlation function, which we model as a power law in the range 0.2<r_p[Mpc/h]<20. Finally, we estimated the galaxy bias as a function of luminosity, stellar mass, and redshift, assuming a flat LCDM model to derive the dark matter 2PCF. We provide the best-fit parameters of the power-law model assumed for the real-space 2PCF -- the correlation length and the slope -- as well as the linear bias parameter, as a function of the B-band absolute magnitude, stellar mass, and redshift. We confirm and provide the tightest constraints on the dependence of clustering on luminosity at 0.5<z<1.1. We prove the complexity of comparing the clustering dependence on stellar mass from samples that are originally flux-limited and discuss the possible origin of the observed discrepancies. Overall, our measurements provide stronger constraints on galaxy formation models, which are now required to match, in addition to local observations, the clustering evolution measured by VIPERS galaxies between z=0.5 and z=1.1 for a broad range of luminosities and stellar masses.
We investigate the clustering properties of $sim 7000$ H$beta$+[OIII] and [OII] narrowband-selected emitters at $z sim 0.8 - 4.7$ from the High-$z$ Emission Line Survey. We find clustering lengths, $r_0$, of $1.5 - 4.0h^{-1}$ Mpc and minimum dark matter halo masses of $10^{10.7 - 12.1}rm{M}_odot$ for our $z = 0.8 - 3.2$ H$beta$+[OIII] emitters and $r_0 sim 2.0 - 8.3h^{-1}$ Mpc and halo masses of $10^{11.5 - 12.6}rm{M}_odot$ for our $z = 1.5 - 4.7$ [OII] emitters. We find $r_0$ to strongly increase both with increasing line luminosity and redshift. By taking into account the evolution of the characteristic line luminosity, $L^star(z)$, and using our model predictions of halo mass given $r_0$, we find a strong, redshift-independent increasing trend between $L/L^star(z)$ and minimum halo mass. The faintest H$beta$+[OIII] emitters are found to reside in $10^{9.5}rm{M}_odot$ halos and the brightest emitters in $10^{13.0}rm{M}_odot$ halos. For [OII] emitters, the faintest emitters are found in $10^{10.5} rm{M}_odot$ halos and the brightest emitters in $10^{12.6}rm{M}_odot$ halos. A redshift-independent stellar mass dependency is also observed where the halo mass increases from $10^{11}rm{M}_odot$ to $10^{12.5} rm{M}_odot$ for stellar masses of $10^{8.5}rm{M}_odot$ to $10^{11.5}rm{M}_odot$, respectively. We investigate the interdependencies of these trends by repeating our analysis in a $L_textrm{line} - rm{M}_textrm{star}$ grid space for our most populated samples (H$beta$+[OIII] $z = 0.84$ and [OII] $z = 1.47$) and find that the line luminosity dependency is stronger than the stellar mass dependency on halo mass. For $L > L^star$ emitters at all epochs, we find a relatively flat trend with halo masses of $10^{12.5 - 13}rm{M}_odot$ which may be due to quenching mechanisms in massive halos which is consistent with a transitional halo mass predicted by models.
In this study we present a new experimental design using clustering-based redshift inference to measure the evolving galaxy luminosity function (GLF) down to the faintest possible limits, spanning 5.5 decades from $L sim 10^{11.5}$ to $ 10^6 ~ mathrm{L}_odot$. We use data from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey and the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS). We derive redshift distributions in bins of apparent magnitude to the limits of the GAMA-KiDS photometric catalogue: $m_r lesssim 23$; more than a decade beyond the limits of the GAMA spectroscopic redshift sample via clustering-based redshift inference. This technique uses spatial cross-correlation statistics for a reference set with known redshifts (in our case, the main GAMA sample) to derive the redshift distribution for the target ensemble. For the calibration of the redshift distribution we use a simple parametrisation with an adaptive normalisation factor over the interval $0.005 < z < 0.48$ to derive the clustering redshift results. We find that the GLF has a relatively constant power-law slope $alpha approx -1.2$ for $-17 lesssim M_r lesssim -13$, and then appears to steepen sharply for $-13 lesssim M_r lesssim -10$. This upturn appears to be where Globular Clusters (GCs) take over to dominate the source counts as a function of luminosity. Thus we have mapped the GLF across the full range of the $z sim 0$ field galaxy population from the most luminous galaxies down to the GC scale.