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Authors
V. Grebenyuk
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The NUCLEON space observatory is a direct cosmic ray spectrometer designed to study cosmic ray nuclei with $Z=1-30$ at energies $10^{12}-10^{15}$ eV. It was launched as an additional payload onboard the Russian Resource-P No. 2 satellite. In this work B/C, N/O and subFe/Fe ratios are presented. The experiment has worked for half of its expected time, so the data have preliminary status, but they already give clear indications of several astrophysical phenomena, which are briefly discussed in this paper.
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The NUCLEON experiment was designed to study the chemical composition and energy spectra of galactic cosmic ray nuclei from protons to zinc at energies of $sim10^{11}$--$10^{15}$,eV per particle. The research was carried out with the NUCLEON scientific equipment installed on the Russian satellite Resurs-P No.,2 as an additional payload. This article presents the results for the measured nuclei spectra related to the first approximately 250 days of the scientific data collection during 2015 and 2016. The all-particle spectrum and the spectra of p, He, C, O, Ne, Mg, Si and Fe are presented. Some interesting ratios of the spectra are also presented and discussed. The experiment is now in its beginning stage and the data still have a preliminary character, but they already give numerous indications of the existence of various non-canonical phenomena in the physics of cosmic rays, which are expressed in the violation of a simple universal power law of the energy spectra. These features of the the data are briefly discussed.
The NUCLEON experiment is designed to measure chemical composition of cosmic rays with charges from Z=1 to 30 in an energy region from 5*10^11 to 10^15 eV. In this article the data analysis algorithm and spectra of Ni and Fe nuclei, measured in the NUCLEON experiment, are presented.
The standard model of cosmic ray propagation has been very successful in explaining all kinds of the Galactic cosmic ray spectra. However, high precision measurement recently revealed the appreciable discrepancy between data and model expectation, from spectrum observations of $gamma$-rays, $e^+/e^-$ and probably the $B/C$ ratio starting from $sim$10 GeV energy. In this work, we propose that the fresh cosmic rays, which are supplied by the young accelerators and detained by local magnetic field, can contribute additional secondary particles interacting with local materials. As this early cosmic ray has a hard spectrum, the model calculation results in a two-component $gamma$-ray spectrum, which agree very well with the observation. Simultaneously, the expected neutrino number from the galactic plane could contribute $sim60%$ of IceCube observation neutrino number below a few hundreds of TeV. The same pp-collision process can account for a significant amount of the positron excesses. Under this model, it is expected that the excesses in $overline p/p$ and $B/C$ ratio will show up when energy is above $sim$10 GeV. We look forward that the model will be tested in the near future by new observations from AMS02, IceCube, AS$gamma$, HAWC and future experiments such as LHASSO, HiSCORE and CTA.
LHAASO is expected to be the most sensitive project to face the open problems in Galactic cosmic ray physics through a combined study of photon- and charged particle-induced extensive air showers in the energy range 10$^{11}$ - 10$^{17}$ eV. This new generation multi-component experiment will be able of continuously surveying the gamma-ray sky for steady and transient sources from about 100 GeV to PeV energies, thus opening for the first time the 10$^2$--10$^3$ TeV range to the direct observations of the high energy cosmic ray sources. In addition, the different observables (electronic, muonic and Cherenkov components) that will be measured in LHAASO will allow the study of the origin, acceleration and propagation of the radiation through a measurement of energy spectrum, elemental composition and anisotropy with unprecedented resolution. The installation of the experiment started at very high altitude in China (Daocheng site, Sichuan province, 4410 m a.s.l.). The commissioning of one fourth of the detector will be implemented in 2018. The completion of the installation is expected by the end of 2021.
The propagation of cosmic rays inside our galaxy plays a fundamental role in shaping their injection spectra into those observed at Earth. One of the best tools to investigate this issue is the ratio of fluxes for secondary and primary species. The boron-to-carbon (B/C) ratio, in particular, is a sensitive probe to investigate propagation mechanisms. This paper presents new measurements of the absolute fluxes of boron and carbon nuclei, as well as the B/C ratio, from the PAMELA space experiment. The results span the range 0.44 - 129 GeV/n in kinetic energy for data taken in the period July 2006 - March 2008.
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