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In this paper, we obtain a number of new infinite families of Hadamard matrices. Our constructions are based on four new constructions of difference families with four or eight blocks. By applying the Wallis-Whiteman array or the Kharaghani array to the difference families constructed, we obtain new Hadamard matrices of order $4(uv+1)$ for $u=2$ and $vin Phi_1cup Phi_2 cup Phi_3 cup Phi_4$; and for $uin {3,5}$ and $vin Phi_1cup Phi_2 cup Phi_3$. Here, $Phi_1={q^2:qequiv 1pmod{4}mbox{ is a prime power}}$, $Phi_2={n^4in mathbb{N}:nequiv 1pmod{2}} cup {9n^4in mathbb{N}:nequiv 1pmod{2}}$, $Phi_3={5}$ and $Phi_4={13,37}$. Moreover, our construction also yields new Hadamard matrices of order $8(uv+1)$ for any $uin Phi_1cup Phi_2$ and $vin Phi_1cup Phi_2 cup Phi_3$.
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In this paper, we find regular or biregular Hadamard matrices with maximum excess by negating some rows and columns of known Hadamard matrices obtained from quadratic residues of finite fields. In particular, we show that if either $4m^2+4m+3$ or $2m^2+2m+1$ is a prime power, then there exists a biregular Hadamard matrix of order $n=4(m^2+m+1)$ with maximum excess. Furthermore, we give a sufficient condition for Hadamard matrices obtained from quadratic residues being transformed to be regular in terms of four-class translation association schemes on finite fields.
We revisit the old idea of constructing difference sets from cyclotomic classes. Two constructions of skew Hadamard difference sets are given in the additive groups of finite fields using unions of cyclotomic classes of order $N=2p_1^m$, where $p_1$ is a prime and $m$ a positive integer. Our main tools are index 2 Gauss sums, instead of cyclotomic numbers.
We revisit the problem of constructing Menon-Hadamard difference sets. In 1997, Wilson and Xiang gave a general framework for constructing Menon-Hadamard difference sets by using a combination of a spread and four projective sets of type Q in ${mathrm{PG}}(3,q)$. They also found examples of suitable spreads and projective sets of type Q for $q=5,13,17$. Subsequently, Chen (1997) succeeded in finding a spread and four projective sets of type Q in ${mathrm{PG}}(3,q)$ satisfying the conditions in the Wilson-Xiang construction for all odd prime powers $q$. Thus, he showed that there exists a Menon-Hadamard difference set of order $4q^4$ for all odd prime powers $q$. However, the projective sets of type Q found by Chen have automorphisms different from those of the examples constructed by Wilson and Xiang. In this paper, we first generalize Chens construction of projective sets of type Q by using `semi-primitive cyclotomic classes. This demonstrates that the construction of projective sets of type Q satisfying the conditions in the Wilson-Xiang construction is much more flexible than originally thought. Secondly, we give a new construction of spreads and projective sets of type Q in ${mathrm{PG}}(3,q)$ for all odd prime powers $q$, which generalizes the examples found by Wilson and Xiang. This solves a problem left open in Section 5 of the Wilson-Xiang paper from 1997.
In this paper, we generalize classical constructions of skew Hadamard difference families with two or four blocks in the additive groups of finite fields given by Szekeres (1969, 1971), Whiteman (1971) and Wallis-Whiteman (1972). In particular, we show that there exists a skew Hadamard difference family with $2^{u-1}$ blocks in the additive group of the finite field of order $q^e$ for any prime power $qequiv 2^u+1,({mathrm{mod, , }2^{u+1}})$ with $uge 2$ and any positive integer $e$. In the aforementioned work of Szekeres, Whiteman, and Wallis-Whiteman, the constructions of skew Hadamard difference families with $2^{u-1}$ ($u=2$ or $3$) blocks in $({mathbb F}_{q^e},+)$ depend on the exponent $e$, with $eequiv 1,2,$ or $3,({mathrm{mod, , }4})$ when $u=2$, and $eequiv 1,({mathrm{mod, , }2})$ when $u=3$, respectively. Our more general construction, in particular, removes the dependence on $e$. As a consequence, we obtain new infinite families of skew Hadamard matrices.
Let $q$ be a prime power of the form $q=12c^2+4c+3$ with $c$ an arbitrary integer. In this paper we construct a difference family with parameters $(2q^2;q^2,q^2,q^2,q^2-1;2q^2-2)$ in ${mathbb Z}_2times ({mathbb F}_{q^2},+)$. As a consequence, by applying the Wallis-Whiteman array, we obtain Hadamard matrices of order $4(2q^2+1)$ for the aforementioned $q$s.
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