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Register a new userBounds on the edge-Wiener index of cacti with $n$ vertices and $t$ cycles
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The edge-Wiener index $W_e(G)$ of a connected graph $G$ is the sum of distances between all pairs of edges of $G$. A connected graph $G$ is said to be a cactus if each of its blocks is either a cycle or an edge. Let $mathcal{G}_{n,t}$ denote the class of all cacti with $n$ vertices and $t$ cycles. In this paper, the upper bound and lower bound on the edge-Wiener index of graphs in $mathcal{G}_{n,t}$ are identified and the corresponding extremal graphs are characterized.
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The edge Szeged index and edge-vertex Szeged index of a graph are defined as $Sz_{e}(G)=sumlimits_{uvin E(G)}m_{u}(uv|G)m_{v}(uv|G)$ and $Sz_{ev}(G)=frac{1}{2} sumlimits_{uv in E(G)}[n_{u}(uv|G)m_{v}(uv|G)+n_{v}(uv|G)m_{u}(uv|G)],$ respectively, where $m_{u}(uv|G)$ (resp., $m_{v}(uv|G)$) is the number of edges whose distance to vertex $u$ (resp., $v$) is smaller than the distance to vertex $v$ (resp., $u$), and $n_{u}(uv|G)$ (resp., $n_{v}(uv|G)$) is the number of vertices whose distance to vertex $u$ (resp., $v$) is smaller than the distance to vertex $v$ (resp., $u$), respectively. A cactus is a graph in which any two cycles have at most one common vertex. In this paper, the lower bounds of edge Szeged index and edge-vertex Szeged index for cacti with order $n$ and $k$ cycles are determined, and all the graphs that achieve the lower bounds are identified.
Let $G$ be a connected graph. The edge revised Szeged index of $G$ is defined as $Sz^{ast}_{e}(G)=sumlimits_{e=uvin E(G)}(m_{u}(e|G)+frac{m_{0}(e|G)}{2})(m_{v}(e|G)+frac{m_{0}(e|G)}{2})$, where $m_{u}(e|G)$ (resp., $m_{v}(e|G)$) is the number of edges whose distance to vertex $u$ (resp., $v$) is smaller than the distance to vertex $v$ (resp., $u$), and $m_{0}(e|G)$ is the number of edges equidistant from both ends of $e$. In this paper, we give the minimal and the second minimal edge revised Szeged index of cacti with order $n$ and $k$ cycles, and all the graphs that achieve the minimal and second minimal edge revised Szeged index are identified.
Recently, a novel topological index, Sombor index, was introduced by Gutman, defined as $SO(G)=sumlimits_{uvin E(G)}sqrt{d_{u}^{2}+d_{v}^{2}}$, where $d_{u}$ denotes the degree of vertex $u$. In this paper, we first determine the maximum Sombor index among cacti with $n$ vertices and $t$ cycles, then determine the maximum Sombor index among cacti with perfect matchings. We also characterize corresponding maximum cacti.
The Wiener index of a graph $G$, denoted $W(G)$, is the sum of the distances between all pairs of vertices in $G$. E. Czabarka, et al. conjectured that for an $n$-vertex, $ngeq 4$, simple quadrangulation graph $G$, begin{equation*}W(G)leq begin{cases} frac{1}{12}n^3+frac{7}{6}n-2, &text{ $nequiv 0~(mod 2)$,} frac{1}{12}n^3+frac{11}{12}n-1, &text{ $nequiv 1~(mod 2)$}. end{cases} end{equation*} In this paper, we confirm this conjecture.
Let $Sz(G),Sz^*(G)$ and $W(G)$ be the Szeged index, revised Szeged index and Wiener index of a graph $G.$ In this paper, the graphs with the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh largest Wiener indices among all unicyclic graphs of order $ngeqslant 10$ are characterized; as well the graphs with the first, second, third, and fourth largest Wiener indices among all bicyclic graphs are identified. Based on these results, further relation on the quotients between the (revised) Szeged index and the Wiener index are studied. Sharp lower bound on $Sz(G)/W(G)$ is determined for all connected graphs each of which contains at least one non-complete block. As well the connected graph with the second smallest value on $Sz^*(G)/W(G)$ is identified for $G$ containing at least one cycle.
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