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In this paper, we show that in the vicinity of certain astronomical bodies, e.g., a Neutron Star, a Black Hole, there exist significant enhancements of Dark Matters density and current, due to its interaction with the gravitational field of the bodies. This enhancement implies that the effects of Dark Matter - Normal Matter interactions are enhanced and hence might be observable.
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Scatterings of galactic dark matter (DM) particles with the constituents of celestial bodies could result in their accumulation within these objects. Nevertheless, the finite temperature of the medium sets a minimum mass, the evaporation mass, that DM particles must have in order to remain trapped. DM particles below this mass are very likely to scatter to speeds higher than the escape velocity, so they would be kicked out of the capturing object and escape. Here, we compute the DM evaporation mass for all spherical celestial bodies in hydrostatic equilibrium, spanning the mass range $[10^{-10} - 10^2]~M_odot$. We illustrate the critical importance of the exponential tail of the evaporation rate, which has not always been appreciated in recent literature, and obtain a robust result: for the geometric value of the scattering cross section and for interactions with nucleons, the DM evaporation mass for all spherical celestial bodies in hydrostatic equilibrium is approximately given by $E_c/T_chi sim 30$, where $E_c$ is the escape energy of DM particles at the core of the object and $T_chi$ is the DM temperature. The minimum value of the DM evaporation mass is obtained for super-Jupiters and brown dwarfs, $m_{rm evap} simeq 0.7$ GeV. For other values of the scattering cross section, the DM evaporation mass only varies by a factor of two or less within the range $10^{-41}~textrm{cm}^2 leq sigma_p leq 10^{-31}~textrm{cm}^2$, where $sigma_p$ is the spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering cross section. Its dependence on parameters such as the local galactic DM density and velocity, or the scattering and annihilation cross sections is only logarithmic.
We derive the non-relativistic limit of a massive vector field. We show that the Cartesian spatial components of the vector behave as three identical, non-interacting scalar fields. We find classes of spherical, cylindrical, and planar self-gravitating vector solitons in the Newtonian limit. The gravitational properties of the lowest-energy vector solitons$mathrm{-}$the gravitational potential and density field$mathrm{-}$depend only on the net mass of the soliton and the vector particle mass. In particular, these self-gravitating, ground-state vector solitons are independent of the distribution of energy across the vector field components, and are indistinguishable from their scalar-field counterparts. Fuzzy Vector Dark Matter models can therefore give rise to halo cores with identical observational properties to the ones in scalar Fuzzy Dark Matter models. We also provide novel hedgehog vector soliton solutions, which cannot be observed in scalar-field theories. The gravitational binding of the lowest-energy hedgehog halo is about three times weaker than the ground-state vector soliton. Finally, we show that no spherically symmetric solitons exist with a divergence-free vector field.
In our current best cosmological model, the vast majority of matter in the Universe is dark, consisting of yet undetected, non-baryonic particles that do not interact electro-magnetically. So far, the only significant evidence for dark matter has been found in its gravitational interaction, as observed in galaxy rotation curves or gravitational lensing effects. The inferred dark matter agglomerations follow almost universal mass density profiles that can be reproduced well in simulations, but have eluded an explanation from a theoretical viewpoint. Forgoing standard (astro-)physical methods, I show that it is possible to derive these profiles from an intriguingly simple mathematical approach that directly determines the most likely spatial configuration of a self-gravitating ensemble of collisionless dark matter particles.
A new family of nonrelativistic, Newtonian, non-quantum equilibrium configurations describing galactic halos is introduced, by considering strange quark matter conglomerates with masses larger than about 8 GeV as new possible components of the dark matter. Originally introduced to explain the state of matter in neutron stars, such conglomerates may also form in the high-density and temperature conditions of the primordial Universe and then decouple from ordinary baryonic matter, providing the fundamental components of dark matter for the formation of pristine gravitational potential wells and the subsequent evolution of cosmic structures. The obtained results for halo mass and radius are consistent with the rotational velocity curve observed in the Galaxy. Additionally, the average density of such dark matter halos is similar to that derived for halos of dwarf spheroidal galaxies, which can therefore be interpreted as downscal
Gravitating bodies significantly alter the flow pattern (density and velocity) of the gas that attempts to stream past. Still, small protoplanets in the Mars--super-Earth range can only bind limited amounts of nebular gas; until the so-called critical core mass has been reached (~1-10 Earth masses) this gas is in near hydrostatic equilibrium with the nebula. Here we aim for a general description of the flow pattern surrounding these low-mass, embedded planets. Using various simplifying assumptions (subsonic, 2D, inviscid flow, etc), we reduce the problem to a partial differential equation that we solve numerically as well as approximate analytically. It is found that the boundary between the atmosphere and the nebula gas strongly depends on the value of the disc headwind (deviation from Keplerian rotation). With increasing headwind the atmosphere decreases in size and also becomes more asymmetrical. Using the derived flow pattern for the gas, trajectories of small solid particles, which experience both gas drag and gravitational forces, are integrated numerically. Accretion rates for small particles (dust) are found to be low, as they closely follow the streamlines, which curl away from the planet. However, pebble-size particles achieve large accretion rates, in agreement with previous numerical and analytical works.
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