Time domain interferometry is a promising method to characterizes spatial and temporal correlations at x-ray energies, via the so-called intermediate scattering function and the related dynamical couple correlations. However, so far, it has only been analyzed for classical target systems. Here, we provide a quantum analysis, and suggest a scheme which allows to access quantum dynamical correlations. We further show how TDI can be used to exclude classical models for the target dynamics, and illustrate our results using a single particle in a double well potential.