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Register a new userEnhancing fluorescence excitation and collection from the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond through a micro-concave mirror
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We experimentally demonstrate a simple and robust optical fibers based method to achieve simultaneously efficient excitation and fluorescence collection from Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) defects containing micro-crystalline diamond. We fabricate a suitable micro-concave (MC) mirror that focuses scattered excitation laser light into the diamond located at the focal point of the mirror. At the same instance, the mirror also couples the fluorescence light exiting out of the diamond crystal in the opposite direction of the optical fiber back into the optical fiber within its light acceptance cone. This part of fluorescence would have been otherwise lost from reaching the detector. Our proof-of-principle demonstration achieves a 25 times improvement in fluorescence collection compared to the case of not using any mirrors. The increase in light collection favors getting high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) signals hence offers a practical advantage in fiber-based NV quantum sensors. Additionally, we compacted the NV sensor system by replacing some bulky optical elements in the optical path with a 1x2 fiber optical coupler in our optical system. This reduces the complexity of the system and provides portability and robustness needed for applications like magnetic endoscopy and remote-magnetic sensing.
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Efficiently excite nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond and collect their fluorescence significantly benefit the fiber-optic-based NV sensors. Here, using a tapered optical fiber (TOF) tip, we significantly improve the efficiency of the laser excitation and fluorescence collection of the NV, thus enhance the sensitivity of the fiber-optic based micron-sized diamond magnetic sensor. Numerical calculation shows that the TOF tip delivers a high numerical aperture (NA) and has a high fluorescence excitation and collection efficiency. Experiments demonstrate that using such TOF tip can obtain up to over 7-fold the fluorescence excitation efficiency and over15-fold the fluorescence collection efficiency of a flat-ended (non-TOF) fiber. Such fluorescence collection enhances the sensitivity of the optical fiber-based diamond NV magnetometer, thus extending its potential application region.
Diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center magnetometry has recently received considerable interest from researchers in the fields of applied physics and sensors. The purpose of this review is to analyze the principle, sensitivity, technical development potential, and application prospect of the diamond NV center magnetometry. This review briefly introduces the physical characteristics of NV centers, summarizes basic principles of the NV center magnetometer, analyzes the theoretical sensitivity, and discusses the impact of technical noise on the NV center magnetometer. Furthermore, the most critical technologies that affect the performance of the NV center magnetometer are described: diamond sample preparation, microwave manipulation, fluorescence collection, and laser excitation. The theoretical and technical crucial problems, potential solutions and research technical route are discussed. In addition, this review discusses the influence of technical noise under the conventional technical conditions and the actual sensitivity which is determined by the theoretical sensitivity and the technical noise. It is envisaged that the sensitivity that can be achieved through an optimized design is in the order of 10 fT/Hz^1/2. Finally, the roadmap of applications of the diamond NV center magnetometer are presented.
Symmetry considerations are used in presenting a model of the electronic structure and the associated dynamics of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. The model accounts for the occurrence of optically induced spin polarization, for the change of emission level with spin polarization and for new measurements of transient emission. The rate constants given are in variance to those reported previously.
The diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center is a leading platform for quantum information science due to its optical addressability and room-temperature spin coherence. However, measurements of the NV centers spin state typically require averaging over many cycles to overcome noise. Here, we review several approaches to improve the readout performance and highlight future avenues of research that could enable single-shot electron-spin readout at room temperature.
We theoretically propose a method to realize optical nonreciprocity in rotating nano-diamond with a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center. Because of the relative motion of the NV center with respect to the propagating fields, the frequencies of the fields are shifted due to the Doppler effect. When the control and probe fields are incident to the NV center from the same direction, the two-photon resonance still holds as the Doppler shifts of the two fields are the same. Thus, due to the electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT), the probe light can pass through the NV center nearly without absorption. However, when the two fields propagate in opposite directions, the probe light can not effectively pass through the NV center as a result of the breakdown of two-photon resonance.
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