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Register a new userIntra-Frame Error Concealment Scheme using 3D Reversible Data Hiding in Mobile Cloud Environment
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Added by
Hanzhou Wu
Publication date
2018
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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Data in mobile cloud environment are mainly transmitted via wireless noisy channels, which may result in transmission errors with a high probability due to its unreliable connectivity. For video transmission, unreliable connectivity may cause significant degradation of the content. Improving or keeping video quality over lossy channel is therefore a very important research topic. Error concealment with data hiding (ECDH) is an effective way to conceal the errors introduced by channels. It can reduce error propagation between neighbor blocks/frames comparing with the methods exploiting temporal/spatial correlations. The existing video ECDH methods often embed the motion vectors (MVs) into the specific locations. Nevertheless, specific embedding locations cannot resist against random errors. To compensate the unreliable connectivity in mobile cloud environment, in this paper, we present a video ECDH scheme using 3D reversible data hiding (RDH), in which each MV is repeated multiple times, and the repeated MVs are embedded into different macroblocks (MBs) randomly. Though the multiple embedding requires more embedding space, satisfactory trade-off between the introduced distortion and the reconstructed video quality can be achieved by tuning the repeating times of the MVs. For random embedding, the lost probability of the MVs decreases rapidly, resulting in better error concealment performance. Experimental results show that the PSNR values gain about 5dB at least comparing with the existing ECDH methods. Meanwhile, the proposed method improves the video quality significantly.
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H.264/Advanced Video Coding (AVC) is one of the most commonly used video compression standard currently. In this paper, we propose a Reversible Data Hiding (RDH) method based on H.264/AVC videos. In the proposed method, the macroblocks with intra-frame $4times 4$ prediction modes in intra frames are first selected as embeddable blocks. Then, the last zero Quantized Discrete Cosine Transform (QDCT) coefficients in all $4times 4$ blocks of the embeddable macroblocks are paired. In the following, a modification mapping rule based on making full use of modification directions are given. Finally, each zero coefficient-pair is changed by combining the given mapping rule with the to-be-embedded information bits. Since most of last QDCT coefficients in all $4times 4$ blocks are zero and they are located in high frequency area. Therefore, the proposed method can obtain high embedding capacity and low distortion.
As a technology that can prevent the information of original image and additional information from being disclosed, the reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) has been widely concerned by researchers. How to further improve the performance of RDHEI methods has become a focus of research. To this end, this work proposes a high-capacity RDHEI method based on bit plane compression of prediction error. Firstly, to reserve the room for embedding information, the image owner rearranges and compresses the bit plane of prediction error. Next, the image after reserving room is encrypted with a serect key. Finally, the information hiding device embeds the additional information into the reserved room. This paper makes full use of the correlation between adjacent pixels. Experimental results show that this method can realize the real reversibility and provide higher embedding capacity than state-of-the-art works.
Reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) receives growing attention because it protects the content of the original image while the embedded data can be accurately extracted and the original image can be reconstructed lossless. To make full use of the correlation of the adjacent pixels, this paper proposes an RDHEI scheme based on pixel prediction and bit-plane compression. Firstly, to vacate room for data embedding, the prediction error of the original image is calculated and used for bit-plane rearrangement and compression. Then, the image after vacating room is encrypted by a stream cipher. Finally, the additional data is embedded in the vacated room by multi-LSB substitution. Experimental results show that the embedding capacity of the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Steganography (literally meaning covered writing) is the art and science of embedding secret message into seemingly harmless message. Stenography is practice from olden days where in ancient Greece people used wooden blocks to inscribe secret data and cover the date with wax and write normal message on it. Today stenography is used in various field like multimedia, networks, medical, military etc. With increasing technology trends steganography is becoming more and more advanced where people not only interested on hiding messages in multimedia data (cover data) but also at the receiving end they are willing to obtain original cover data without any distortion after extracting secret message. This paper will discuss few irreversible data hiding techniques and also, some recently proposed reversible data hiding approach using images.
Reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDH-EI) has attracted increasing attention, since it can protect the privacy of original images while the embedded data can be exactly extracted. Recently, some RDH-EI schemes with multiple data hiders have been proposed using secret sharing technique. However, these schemes protect the contents of the original images with lightweight security level. In this paper, we propose a high-security RDH-EI scheme with multiple data hiders. First, we introduce a cipher-feedback secret sharing (CFSS) technique. It follows the cryptography standards by introducing the cipher-feedback strategy of AES. Then, using the CFSS technique, we devise a new (r,n)-threshold (r<=n) RDH-EI scheme with multiple data hiders called CFSS-RDHEI. It can encrypt an original image into n encrypted images with reduced size using an encryption key and sends each encrypted image to one data hider. Each data hider can independently embed secret data into the encrypted image to obtain the corresponding marked encrypted image. The original image can be completely recovered from r marked encrypted images and the encryption key. Performance evaluations show that our CFSS-RDHEI scheme has high embedding rate and its generated encrypted images are much smaller, compared to existing secret sharing-based RDH-EI schemes. Security analysis demonstrates that it can achieve high security to defense some commonly used security attacks.
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