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Register a new userTransition from supersonic to subsonic waves in superfluid Fermi gases
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We study the propagation of dispersive waves in superfluid Fermi gases in the BEC-BCS crossover. Unlike in other superfluid systems, where dispersive waves have already been studied and observed, Fermi gases can exhibit a subsonic dispersion relation for which the dispersive wave pattern appears at the tail of the wave front. We show that this property can be used to distinguish between a subsonic and a supersonic dispersion relation at unitarity.
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Studying the collective pairing phenomena in a two-component Fermi gas, we predict the appearance near the transition temperature $T_c$ of a well-resolved collective mode of quadratic dispersion. The mode is visible both above and below $T_c$ in the systems response to a driving pairing field. When approaching $T_c$ from below, the phononic and pair-breaking branches, characteristic of the zero temperature behavior, reduce to a very low energy-momentum region when the pair correlation length reaches its critical divergent behavior $xi_{rm pair}propto|T_c-T|^{-1/2}$; elsewhere, they are replaced by the quadratically-dispersed pairing resonance, which thus acts as a precursor of the phase transition. In the strong-coupling and Bose-Einstein Condensate regime, this mode is a weakly-damped propagating mode associated to a Lorentzian resonance. Conversely, in the BCS limit it is a relaxation mode of pure imaginary eigenenergy. At large momenta, the resonance disappears when it is reabsorbed by the lower-edge of the pairing continuum. At intermediate temperatures between 0 and $T_c$, we unify the newly found collective phenomena near $T_c$ with the phononic and pair-breaking branches predicted from previous studies, and we exhaustively classify the roots of the analytically continued dispersion equation, and show that they provided a very good summary of the pair spectral functions.
In this work dark soliton collisions in a one-dimensional superfluid Fermi gas are studied across the BEC-BCS crossover by means of a recently developed finite-temperature effective field theory [S. N. Klimin, J. Tempere, G. Lombardi, J. T. Devreese, Eur. Phys. J. B 88, 122 (2015)] . The evolution of two counter-propagating solitons is simulated numerically based on the theorys nonlinear equation of motion for the pair field. The resulting collisions are observed to introduce a spatial shift into the trajectories of the solitons. The magnitude of this shift is calculated and studied in different conditions of temperature and spin-imbalance. When moving away from the BEC-regime, the collisions are found to become inelastic, emitting the lost energy in the form of small-amplitude density oscillations. This inelasticity is quantified and its behavior analyzed and compared to the results of other works. The dispersion relation of the density oscillations is calculated and is demonstrated to show a good agreement with the spectrum of collective excitations of the superfluid.
We consider a weakly interacting two-component Fermi gas of dipolar particles (magnetic atoms or polar molecules) in the two-dimensional geometry. The dipole-dipole interaction (together with the short-range interaction at Feshbach resonances) for dipoles perpendicular to the plane of translational motion may provide a superfluid transition. The dipole-dipole scattering amplitude is momentum dependent, which violates the Anderson theorem claiming the independence of the transition temperature on the presence of weak disorder. We have shown that the disorder can strongly increase the critical temperature (up to 10 nK at realistic densities). This opens wide possibilities for the studies of the superfluid regime in weakly interacting Fermi gases, which was not observed so far.
We investigate the fermionic quasiparticle branch of superfluid Fermi gases in the BCS-BEC crossover and calculate the quasiparticle lifetime and energy shift due to its coupling with the collective mode. The only close-to-resonance process that low-energy quasiparticles can undergo at zero temperature is the emission of a bosonic excitation from the phononic branch. Close to the minimum of the branch we find that the quasiparticles remain undamped, allowing us to compute corrections to experimentally relevant quantities such as the energy gap, location of the minimum, effective mass, and Landau critical velocity.
We study the phononic collective modes of the pairing field $Delta$ and their corresponding signature in both the order-parameter and density response functions for a superfluid Fermi gas at all temperatures below $T_c$ in the collisionless regime. The spectra of collective modes are calculated within the Gaussian Pair Fluctuation approximation. We deal with the coupling of these modes to the fermionic continuum of quasiparticle-quasihole excitations by performing a non-perturbative analytic continuation of the pairing field propagator. At low temperature, we recover the known exponential temperature dependence of the damping rate and velocity shift of the Anderson-Bogoliubov branch. In the vicinity of $T_c$, we find analytically a weakly-damped collective mode whose velocity vanishes with a critical exponent of $1/2$, and whose quality factor diverges logarithmically with $T_c-T$, thereby clarifying an existing debate in the literature (Andrianov et al. Th. Math. Phys. 28, 829, Ohashi et al. J. Phys. Jap. 66, 2437). A transition between these two phononic branches is visible at intermediary temperatures, particularly in the BCS limit where the phase-phase response function displays two maxima.
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