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Register a new userInvestigating Photoinduced Proton Coupled Electron Transfer Reaction using Quasi Diabatic Dynamics Propagation
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We investigate photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer (PI-PCET) reaction through a recently devel- oped quasi-diabatic (QD) quantum dynamics propagation scheme. This scheme enables interfacing accurate diabatic-based quantum dynamics approaches with adiabatic electronic structure calculations for on-the-fly simulations. Here, we use the QD scheme to directly propagate PI-PCET quantum dynamics with the di- abatic Partial Linearized Density Matrix (PLDM) path-integral approach with the instantaneous adiabatic electron-proton vibronic states. Our numerical results demonstrate the importance of treating proton quan- tum mechanically in order to obtain accurate PI-PCET dynamics, as well as the role of solvent fluctuation and vibrational relaxation on proton tunneling in various reaction regimes that exhibit different kinetic iso- tope effects. This work opens the possibility to study the challenging PI-PCET reactions through accurate diabatic quantum dynamics approaches combined with efficient adiabatic electronic structure calculations.
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Excited state electron and hole transfer underpin fundamental steps in processes such as exciton dissociation at photovoltaic heterojunctions, photoinduced charge transfer at electrodes, and electron transfer in photosynthetic reaction centers. Diabatic states corresponding to charge or excitation localized species, such as locally excited and charge transfer states, provide a physically intuitive framework to simulate and understand these processes. However, obtaining accurate diabatic states and their couplings from adiabatic electronic states generally leads to inaccurate results when combined with low-tier electronic structure methods, such as time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), and exorbitant computational cost when combined with high-level wavefunction-based methods. Here we introduce a DFT-based diabatization scheme, {Delta}-ALMO(MSDFT2), which directly constructs the diabatic states using absolutely localized molecular orbitals (ALMOs). We demonstrate that our method, which combines ALMO calculations with the {Delta}SCF technique to construct electronically excited diabatic states and obtains their couplings with charge-transfer states using our MSDFT2 scheme, gives accurate results for excited state electron and hole transfer in both charged and uncharged systems that underlie DNA repair, charge separation in donor-acceptor dyads, chromophore-to-solvent electron transfer, and singlet fission. This framework for the accurate and efficient construction of excited state diabats and evaluation of their couplings directly from DFT thus offers a route to simulate and elucidate photoinduced electron and hole transfer in large disordered systems, such as those encountered in the condensed phase.
The microscopic theory of chemical reactions is based on transition state theory, where atoms or ions transfer classically over an energy barrier, as electrons maintain their ground state. Electron transfer is fundamentally different and occurs by tunneling in response to solvent fluctuations. Here, we develop the theory of coupled ion-electron transfer, in which ions and solvent molecules fluctuate cooperatively to facilitate electron transfer. We derive a general formula of the reaction rate that depends on the overpotential, solvent properties, the electronic structure of the electron donor/acceptor, and the excess chemical potential of ions in the transition state. For Faradaic reactions, the theory predicts curved Tafel plots with a concentration-dependent reaction-limited current. For moderate overpotentials, our formula reduces to the Butler-Volmer equation and explains its relevance, not only in the well-known limit of large electron-transfer (solvent reorganization) energy, but also in the opposite limit of large ion-transfer energy. The rate formula is applied to Li-ion batteries, where reduction of the electrode host material couples with ion insertion. In the case of lithium iron phosphate, the theory accurately predicts the concentration dependence of the exchange current measured by {it in operando} X-Ray microscopy without any adjustable parameters. These results pave the way for interfacial engineering to enhance ion intercalation rates, not only for batteries, but also for ionic separations and neuromorphic computing.
We analyze the attosecond electron dynamics in hydrogen molecular ion driven by an external intense laser field using ab-initio numerical simulations of the corresponding time-dependent Schr{{o}}dinger equation and Bohmian trajectories. To this end, we employ a one-dimensional model of the molecular ion in which the motion of the protons is frozen. The results of the Bohmian trajectory calculations do agree well with those of the ab-initio simulations and clearly visualize the electron transfer between the two protons in the field. In particular, the Bohmian trajectory calculations confirm the recently predicted attosecond transient localization of the electron at one of the protons and the related multiple bunches of the ionization current within a half cycle of the laser field. Further analysis based on the quantum trajectories shows that the electron dynamics in the molecular ion can be understood via the phase difference accumulated between the Coulomb wells at the two protons. Modeling of the dynamics using a simple two-state system leads us to an explanation for the sometimes counter-intuitive dynamics of an electron opposing the classical force of the electric field on the electron.
Relatively little is known about the dynamics of electron transfer reactions at low collision energy. We present a study of Penning ionization of ground state methyl fluoride molecules by electronically excited neon atoms in the 13 $mu$eV--4.8 meV (150 mK--56 K) collision energy range, using a neutral-neutral merged beam setup. Relative cross sections have been measured for three Ne($^3P_2$)+ CH$_3$F reaction channels by counting the number of CH$_3$F$^+$, CH$_2$F$^+$, and CH$_3^+$ product ions, as a function of relative velocity between the neon and methyl fluoride molecular beams. Experimental cross sections markedly deviate from the Langevin capture model at collision energies above 20 K. The branching ratios are constant. In other words, the chemical shape of the CH$_3$F molecule, as seen by Ne($^3P_2$) atom, appears not to change as the collision energy is varied, in contrast to related Ne($^3P_J$) + CH$_3$X (X=Cl and Br) reactions at higher collision energies.
We study hole, electron and exciton transport in a charge transfer system in the presence of underdamped vibrational motion. We analyze the signature of these processes in the linear and third-, and fifth-order nonlinear electronic spectra. Calculations are performed with a numerically exact hierarchical equations of motion method for an underdamped Brownian oscillator spectral density. We find that combining electron, hole and exciton transfer can lead to non-trivial spectra with more structure than with excitonic coupling alone. Traces taken during the waiting time of a two-dimensional spectrum are dominated by vibrational motion and do not reflect the electron, hole, and exciton dynamics directly. We find that the fifth-order nonlinear response is particularly sensitive to the charge transfer process. While third-order 2D spectroscopy detects the correlation between two coherences, fifth-order 2D spectroscopy (2D population spectroscopy) is here designed to detect correlations between the excited states during two different time periods.
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