No Arabic abstract
We present a rigorous study of momentum distribution and p-wave contacts of one dimensional (1D) spinless Fermi gases with an attractive p-wave interaction. Using the Bethe wave function, we analytically calculate the large-momentum tail of momentum distribution of the model. We show that the leading ($sim 1/p^{2}$) and sub-leading terms ($sim 1/p^{4}$) of the large-momentum tail are determined by two contacts $C_2$ and $C_4$, which we show, by explicit calculation, are related to the short-distance behaviour of the two-body correlation function and its derivatives. We show as one increases the 1D scattering length, the contact $C_2$ increases monotonically from zero while $C_4$ exhibits a peak for finite scattering length. In addition, we obtain analytic expressions for p-wave contacts at finite temperature from the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations in both weakly and strongly attractive regimes.
The length scale separation in dilute quantum gases in quasi-one- or quasi-two-dimensional traps has spatially divided the system into two different regimes. Whereas universal relations defined in strictly one or two dimensions apply in a scale that is much larger than the characteristic length of the transverse confinements, physical observables in the short distances are inevitably governed by three-dimensional contacts. Here, we show that $p$-wave contacts defined in different length scales are intrinsically connected by a universal relation, which depends on a simple geometric factor of the transverse confinements. While this universal relation is derived for one of the $p$-wave contacts, it establishes a concrete example of how dimensional crossover interplays with contacts and universal relations for arbitrary partial wave scatterings.
The highly controllable ultracold atoms in a one-dimensional (1D) trap provide a new platform for the ultimate simulation of quantum magnetism. In this regard, the Neel-antiferromagnetism and the itinerant ferromagnetism are of central importance and great interest. Here we show that these magnetic orders can be achieved in the strongly interacting spin-1/2 trapped Fermi gases with additional p-wave interactions. In this strong coupling limit, the 1D trapped Fermi gas exhibit an effective Heisenberg spin XXZ chain in the anisotropic p-wave scattering channels. For a particular p-wave attraction or repulsion within the same species of fermionic atoms, the system displays ferromagnetic domains with full spin segregation or the anti-ferromagnetic spin configuration in the ground state. Such engineered magnetisms are likely to be probed in a quasi-1D trapped Fermi gas of $^{40}$ K atoms with very close s-wave and p-wave Feshbach resonances.
Quantum criticality of strongly attractive Fermi gas with $SU(3)$ symmetry in one dimension is studied via the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) equations.The phase transitions driven by the chemical potential $mu$, effective magnetic field $H_1$, $H_2$ (chemical potential biases) are analyzed at the quantum criticality. The phase diagram and critical fields are analytically determined by the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations in zero temperature limit. High accurate equations of state, scaling functions are also obtained analytically for the strong interacting gases. The dynamic exponent $z=2$ and correlation length exponent $ u=1/2$ read off the universal scaling form. It turns out that the quantum criticality of the three-component gases involves a sudden change of density of states of one cluster state, two or three cluster states. In general, this method can be adapted to deal with the quantum criticality of multi-component Fermi gases with $SU(N)$ symmetry.
The one-body density matrix (OBDM) of a strongly interacting spinor quantum gas in one dimension can be written as a summation of products of spatial and spin parts. We find that there is a remarkable connection between the spatial part and the OBDM of a spinless hard-core anyon gas. This connection allows us to efficiently calculate the OBDM of the spinor system with particle numbers much larger than what was previously possible. Given the OBDM, we can easily calculate the momentum distribution of the spinor system, which again is related to the momentum distribution of the hard-core ayone gas.
The Fulde-Ferrell (FF) superfluid phase, in which fermions form finite-momentum Cooper pairings, is well studied in spin-singlet superfluids in past decades. Different from previous works that engineer the FF state in spinful cold atoms, we show that the FF state can emerge in spinless Fermi gases confined in optical lattice associated with nearest-neighbor interactions. The mechanism of the spinless FF state relies on the split Fermi surfaces by tuning the chemistry potential, which naturally gives rise to finite-momentum Cooper pairings. The phase transition is accompanied by changed Chern numbers, in which, different from the conventional picture, the band gap does not close. By beyond-mean-field calculations, we find the finite-momentum pairing is more robust, yielding the system promising for maintaining the FF state at finite temperature. Finally we present the possible realization and detection scheme of the spinless FF state.