We investigate a certain linear combination $K(vec{x})=K(a;b,c,d;e,f,g)$ of two Saalschutzian hypergeometric series of type ${_4}F_3(1)$. We first show that $K(a;b,c,d;e,f,g)$ is invariant under the action of a certain matrix group $G_K$, isomorphic to the symmetric group $S_6$, acting on the affine hyperplane $V={(a,b,c,d,e,f,g)inBbb C^7colon e+f+g-a-b-c-d=1}$. We further develop an algebra of three-term relations for $K(a;b,c,d;e,f,g)$. We show that, for any three elements $mu_1,mu_2,mu_3$ of a certain matrix group $M_K$, isomorphic to the Coxeter group $W(D_6)$ (of order 23040), and containing the above group $G_K$, there is a relation among $K(mu_1vec{x})$, $K(mu_2vec{x})$, and $K(mu_3vec{x})$, provided no two of the $mu_j$s are in the same right coset of $G_K$ in $M_K$. The coefficients in these three-term relations are seen to be rational combinations of gamma and sine functions in $a,b,c,d,e,f,g$. The set of $({|M_K|/|G_K|atop 3})=({32atop 3})=4960$ resulting three-term relations may further be partitioned into five subsets, according to the Hamming type of the triple $(mu_1,mu_2,mu_3) $ in question. This Hamming type is defined in terms of Hamming distance between the $mu_j$s, which in turn is defined in terms of the expression of the $mu_j$s as words in the Coxeter group generators. Each three-term relation of a given Hamming type may be transformed into any other of the same type by a change of variable. An explicit example of each of the five types of three-term relations is provided.
We develop tools for classification of contraction algebras and apply these to solve the problem on classification up to isomorphism of 8 and 9 dimensional algebras corresponding to 3-fold flops. We prove that there is only one up to isomorphism contraction algebra of dimension 8, and two algebras of dimension 9. The formulae for the dimension of algebra, depending on the type of the potential are obtained. In the second part of the paper we show that associated graded structure to brace and truss with appropriate descending ideal filtration is pre-Lie.
Potential algebras feature in the minimal model program and noncommutative resolution of singularities, and the important cases are when they are finite dimensional, or of linear growth. We develop techniques, involving Grobner basis theory and generalized Golod-Shafarevich type theorems for potential algebras, to determine finiteness conditions in terms of the potential. We consider two-generated potential algebras. Using Grobner bases techniques and arguing in terms of associated truncated algebra we prove that they cannot have dimension smaller than $8$. This answers a question of Wemyss cite{Wemyss}, related to the geometric argument of Toda cite{T}. We derive from the improved version of the Golod-Shafarevich theorem, that if the potential has only terms of degree 5 or higher, then the potential algebra is infinite dimensional. We prove, that potential algebra for any homogeneous potential of degree $ngeq 3$ is infinite dimensional. The proof includes a complete classification of all potentials of degree 3. Then we introduce a certain version of Koszul complex, and prove that in the class ${cal P}_n$ of potential algebras with homogeneous potential of degree $n+1geq 4$, the minimal Hilbert series is $H_n=frac{1}{1-2t+2t^n-t^{n+1}}$, so they are all infinite dimensional. Moreover, growth could be polynomial (but non-linear) for the potential of degree 4, and is always exponential for potential of degree starting from 5. For one particular type of potential we prove a conjecture by Wemyss, which relates the difference of dimensions of potential algebra and its abelianization with Gopakumar-Vafa invariants.
We exhibit a faithful representation of the plactic monoid of every finite rank as a monoid of upper triangular matrices over the tropical semiring. This answers a question first posed by Izhakian and subsequently studied by several authors. A consequence is a proof of a conjecture of Kubat and Okni{n}ski that every plactic monoid of finite rank satisfies a non-trivial semigroup identity. In the converse direction, we show that every identity satisfied by the plactic monoid of rank $n$ is satisfied by the monoid of $n times n$ upper triangular tropical matrices. In particular this implies that the variety generated by the $3 times 3$ upper triangular tropical matrices coincides with that generated by the plactic monoid of rank $3$, answering another question of Izhakian.
In 2010, Everitt and Fountain introduced the concept of reflection monoids. The Boolean reflection monoids form a family of reflection monoids (symmetric inverse semigroups are Boolean reflection monoids of type $A$). In this paper, we give a family of presentations of Boolean reflection monoids and show how these presentations are compatible with quiver mutations of orientations of Dynkin diagrams with frozen vertices. Our results recover the presentations of Boolean reflection monoids given by Everitt and Fountain and the presentations of symmetric inverse semigroups given by Popova respectively. Surprisingly, inner by diagram automorphisms of irreducible Weyl groups and Boolean reflection monoids can be constructed by sequences of mutations preserving the same underlying diagrams. Besides, we show that semigroup algebras of Boolean reflection monoids are cellular algebras.