No Arabic abstract
We study the critical breakdown of two-dimensional quantum magnets in the presence of algebraically decaying long-range interactions by investigating the transverse-field Ising model on the square and triangular lattice. This is achieved technically by combining perturbative continuous unitary transformations with classical Monte Carlo simulations to extract high-order series for the one-particle excitations in the high-field quantum paramagnet. We find that the unfrustrated systems change from mean-field to nearest-neighbor universality with continuously varying critical exponents, while the system remains in the universality class of the nearest-neighbor model in the frustrated cases independent of the long-range nature of the interaction.
We study a generalized quantum spin ladder with staggered long range interactions that decay as a power-law with exponent $alpha$. Using the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method and exact diagonalization, we show that this model undergoes a transition from a rung-dimer phase characterized by a non-local string order parameter, to a symmetry broken Neel phase at $alpha_csim 2.1$. We find evidence that the transition is second order with a dynamic critical exponent $z=1$ and $ uapprox 1.2$. In the magnetically ordered phase, the spectrum exhibits gapless modes, while excitations in the gapped phase are well described in terms of triplons -- bound states of spinons across the legs. We obtained the momentum resolved spin dynamic structure factor numerically and found that the triplon band is well defined at high energies and adiabatically connected to the magnon dispersion. However, at low energies it emerges as the lower edge of continuum of excitations that shifts to high energies across the transition. We further discuss the possibility of deconfined criticality in this model.
We overview physical effects of exchange frustration and quantum spin fluctuations in (quasi-) two dimensional (2D) quantum magnets ($S=1/2$) with square, rectangular and triangular structure. Our discussion is based on the $J_1$-$J_2$ type frustrated exchange model and its generalizations. These models are closely related and allow to tune between different phases, magnetically ordered as well as more exotic nonmagnetic quantum phases by changing only one or two control parameters. We survey ground state properties like magnetization, saturation fields, ordered moment and structure factor in the full phase diagram as obtained from numerical exact diagonalization computations and analytical linear spin wave theory. We also review finite temperature properties like susceptibility, specific heat and magnetocaloric effect using the finite temperature Lanczos method. This method is powerful to determine the exchange parameters and g-factors from experimental results. We focus mostly on the observable physical frustration effects in magnetic phases where plenty of quasi-2D material examples exist to identify the influence of quantum fluctuations on magnetism.
To gain a better understanding of the interplay between frustrated long-range interactions and zero-temperature quantum fluctuations, we investigate the ground-state phase diagram of the transverse-field Ising model with algebraically-decaying long-range Ising interactions on quasi one-dimensional infinite-cylinder triangular lattices. Technically, we apply various approaches including low- and high-field series expansions. For the classical long-range Ising model, we investigate cylinders with an arbitrary even circumference. We show the occurrence of gapped stripe-ordered phases emerging out of the infinitely-degenerate nearest-neighbor Ising ground-state space on the two-dimensional triangular lattice. Further, while cylinders with circumferences $6$, $10$, $14$ et cetera are always in the same stripe phase for any decay exponent of the long-range Ising interaction, the family of cylinders with circumferences $4$, $8$, $12$ et cetera displays a phase transition between two different types of stripe structures. For the full long-range transverse-field Ising model, we concentrate on cylinders with circumference four and six. The ground-state phase diagram consists of several quantum phases in both cases including an $x$-polarized phase, stripe-ordered phases, and clock-ordered phases which emerge from an order-by-disorder scenario already present in the nearest-neighbor model. In addition, the generic presence of a potential intermediate gapless phase with algebraic correlations and associated Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions is discussed for both cylinders.
We analyze the thermodynamics and the critical behavior of the supersymmetric su($m$) $t$-$J$ model with long-range interactions. Using the transfer matrix formalism, we obtain a closed-form expression for the free energy per site both for a finite number of sites and in the thermodynamic limit. Our approach, which is different from the usual ones based on the asymptotic Bethe ansatz and generalized exclusion statistics, can in fact be applied to a large class of models whose spectrum is described in terms of supersymmetric Young tableaux and their associated Haldane motifs. In the simplest and most interesting su(2) case, we identify the five ground state phases of the model and derive the complete low-temperature asymptotic series of the free energy per site, the magnetization and charge densities, and their susceptibilities. We verify the models characteristic spin-charge separation at low temperatures, and show that it holds to all orders in the asymptotic expansion. Using the low-temperature asymptotic expansions of the free energy, we also analyze the critical behavior of the model in each of its ground state phases. While the standard su(1|2) phase is described by two independent CFTs with central charge $c=1$ in correspondence with the spin and charge sectors, we find that the low-energy behavior of the su(2) and su(1|1) phases is that of a single $c=1$ CFT. We show that the model exhibits an even richer behavior on the boundary between zero-temperature phases, where it can be non-critical but gapless, critical in the spin sector but not in the charge one, or critical with central charge $c=3/2$.
The critical behavior of dc magnetization in the uranium ferromagnet URhAl with the hexagonal ZrNiAl-type crystal structure has been studied around the ferromagnetic transition temperature T_C. The critical exponent beta for the temperature dependence of the spontaneous magnetization below T_C, gamma for the magnetic susceptibility, and delta for the magnetic isotherm at T_C have been obtained with a modified Arrott plot, a Kouvel-Fisher plot, the critical isotherm analysis and the scaling analysis. We have determined the critical exponents as beta = 0.287 +- 0.005, gamma = 1.47 +- 0.02, and delta = 6.08 +- 0.04 by the scaling analysis and the critical isotherm analysis. These critical exponents satisfy the Widom scaling law delta=1+gamma/beta. URhAl has strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, similar to its isostructural UCoAl that has been regarded as a three-dimensional (3D) Ising system in previous studies. However, the universality class of the critical phenomenon in URhAl does not belong to the 3D Ising model (beta = 0.325, gamma = 1.241, and delta = 4.82) with short-range exchange interactions between magnetic moments. The determined exponents can be explained with the results of the renormalization group approach for a two-dimensional (2D) Ising system coupled with long-range interactions decaying as J(r)~r^-(d+sigma) with sigma = 1.44. We suggest that the strong hybridization between the uranium 5f and rhodium 4d electrons in the U-Rh_I layer in the hexagonal crystal structure is a source of the low dimensional magnetic property. The present result is contrary to current understandings of the physical properties in a series of isostructural UTX uranium ferromagnets (T: transition metals, X: p-block elements) based on the 3D Ising model.