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Register a new userDephasing mechanisms of diamond-based nuclear-spin memories for quantum networks
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We probe dephasing mechanisms within a quantum network node consisting of a single nitrogen-vacancy centre electron spin that is hyperfine coupled to surrounding $^{13} text{C}$ nuclear-spin quantum memories. Previous studies have analysed memory dephasing caused by the stochastic electron-spin reset process, which is a component of optical internode entangling protocols. Here, we find, by using dynamical decoupling techniques and exploiting phase matching conditions in the electron-nuclear dynamics, that control infidelities and quasi-static noise are the major contributors to memory dephasing induced by the entangling sequence. These insights enable us to demonstrate a 19-fold improved memory performance which is still not limited by the electron reinitialization process. We further perform pump-probe studies to investigate the spin-flip channels during the optical electron spin reset. We find that spin-flips occur via decay from the meta-stable singlet states with a branching ratio of 8(1):1:1, in contrast with previous work. These results allow us to formulate straightforward improvements to diamond-based quantum networks and similar architectures.
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Spin echo techniques are essential for achieving long coherence times in solid-state quantum memories for light because of inhomogeneous broadening of the spin transitions. It has been suggested that unrealistic levels of precision for the radio frequency control pulses would be necessary for successful decoherence control at the quantum level. Here we study the effects of pulse imperfections in detail, using both a semi-classical and a fully quantum-mechanical approach. Our results show that high efficiencies and low noise-to-signal ratios can be achieved for the quantum memories in the single-photon regime for realistic levels of control pulse precision. We also analyze errors due to imperfect initial state preparation (optical pumping), showing that they are likely to be more important than control pulse errors in many practical circumstances. These results are crucial for future developments of solid-state quantum memories.
We demonstrate operation of a rotation sensor based on the $^{14}$N nuclear spins intrinsic to nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond. The sensor employs optical polarization and readout of the nuclei and a radio-frequency double-quantum pulse protocol that monitors $^{14}$N nuclear spin precession. This measurement protocol suppresses the sensitivity to temperature variations in the $^{14}$N quadrupole splitting, and it does not require microwave pulses resonant with the NV electron spin transitions. The device was tested on a rotation platform and demonstrated a sensitivity of 4.7 $^{circ}/sqrt{rm{s}}$ (13 mHz/$sqrt{rm{Hz}}$), with bias stability of 0.4 $^{circ}$/s (1.1 mHz).
A rotation sensor is one of the key elements of inertial navigation systems and compliments most cellphone sensor sets used for various applications. Currently, inexpensive and efficient solutions are mechanoelectronic devices, which nevertheless lack long-term stability. Realization of rotation sensors based on spins of fundamental particles may become a drift-free alternative to such devices. Here, we carry out a proof-of-concept experiment, demonstrating rotation measurements on a rotating setup utilizing nuclear spins of an ensemble of NV centers as a sensing element with no stationary reference. The measurement is verified by a commercially available MEMS gyroscope.
With the ability to transfer and process quantum information, large-scale quantum networks will enable a suite of fundamentally new applications, from quantum communications to distributed sensing, metrology, and computing. This perspective reviews requirements for quantum network nodes and color centers in diamond as suitable node candidates. We give a brief overview of state-of-the-art quantum network experiments employing color centers in diamond, and discuss future research directions, focusing in particular on the control and coherence of qubits that distribute and store entangled states, and on efficient spin-photon interfaces. We discuss a route towards large-scale integrated devices combining color centers in diamond with other photonic materials and give an outlook towards realistic future quantum network protocol implementations and applications.
Nuclear spins in certain solids couple weakly to their environment, making them attractive candidates for quantum information processing and inertial sensing. When coupled to the spin of an optically-active electron, nuclear spins can be rapidly polarized, controlled and read via lasers and radiofrequency fields. Possessing coherence times of several milliseconds at room temperature, nuclear spins hosted by a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond are thus intriguing systems to observe how classical physical rotation at quantum timescales affects a quantum system. Unlocking this potential is hampered by precise and inflexible constraints on magnetic field strength and alignment in order to optically induce nuclear polarization, which restricts the scope for further study and applications. In this work, we demonstrate optical nuclear spin polarization and rapid quantum control of nuclear spins in a diamond physically rotating at $1,$kHz, faster than the nuclear spin coherence time. Free from the need to maintain strict field alignment, we are able to measure and control nuclear spins in hitherto inaccessible regimes, such as in the presence of a large, time-varying magnetic field that makes an angle of more than $100^circ$ to the nitrogen-lattice vacancy axis. The field induces spin mixing between the electron and nuclear states of the qubits, decoupling them from oscillating rf fields. We are able to demonstrate that coherent spin state control is possible at any point of the rotation, and even for up to six rotation periods. We combine continuous dynamical decoupling with quantum feedforward control to eliminate decoherence induced by imperfect mechanical rotation. Our work liberates a previously inaccessible degree of freedom of the NV nuclear spin, unlocking new approaches to quantum control and rotation sensing.
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