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Register a new userAn experimental investigation of measurement-induced disturbance and time symmetry in quantum physics
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Unlike regular time evolution governed by the Schrodinger equation, standard quantum measurement appears to violate time-reversal symmetry. Measurement creates random disturbances (e.g., collapse) that prevents back-tracing the quantum state of the system. The effect of these disturbances is explicit in the results of subsequent measurements. In this way, the joint result of sequences of measurements depends on the order in time in which those measurements are performed. One might expect that if the disturbance could be eliminated this time-ordering dependence would vanish. Following a recent theoretical proposal [A. Bednorz et al 2013 New J. Phys. 15 023043], we experimentally investigate this dependence for a kind of measurement that creates an arbitrarily small disturbance, weak measurement. We perform various sequences of a set of polarization weak measurements on photons. We experimentally demonstrate that, although the weak measurements are minimally disturbing, their time-ordering affects the outcome of the measurement sequence for quantum systems.
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Bells inequalities are defined by sums of correlations involving non-commuting observables in each of the two systems. Violations of Bells inequalities are only possible because the precision of any joint measurement of these observables will be limited by quantum mechanical uncertainty relations. In this paper we explore the relation between the local measurement uncertainties and the magnitude of the correlations by preparing polarization entangled photon pairs and performing joint measurements of non-commuting polarization components at different uncertainty trade-offs. The change in measurement visibility reveals the existence of a non-trivial balance between the measurement uncertainties where the probabilities of a specific pair of measurement outcomes approaches zero because of the particular combination of enhancement and suppression of the experimentally observed correlations. The occurrence of these high-contrast results shows that the quantum correlations between the photons are close to their maximal value, confirming that the Cirelson bound of Bells inequality violations is defined by the minimal uncertainties that limit the precision of joint measurements.
We study quantum correlation of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) and W states under various noisy channels using measurement-induced disturbance approach and its optimized version. Although these inequivalent maximal entangled states represent the same quantum correlation in the absence of noise, it is shown that the W state is more robust than the GHZ state through most noisy channels. Also, using measurement-induced disturbance measure, we obtain the analytical relations for the time evolution of quantum correlations in terms of the noisy parameter $kappa$ and remove its overestimating quantum correlations upon implementing the ameliorated measurement-induced disturbance.
Quantum theory sets a bound on the minimal time evolution between initial and target states. This bound is called as quantum speed limit time. It is used to quantify maximal speed of quantum evolution. The quantum evolution will be faster, if quantum speed limit time decreases. In this work, we study the quantum speed limit time of a quantum state in the presence of disturbance effects in an environment. We use the model which is provided by Masashi Ban in href{https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.99.012116}{Phys. Rev. A 99, 012116 (2019)}. In this model two quantum systems $mathcal{A}$ and $mathcal{S}$ interact with environment sequentially. At first, quantum system $mathcal{A}$ interacts with the environment $mathcal{E}$ as an auxiliary system then quantum system $mathcal{S}$ interacts with disturbed environment immediately. In this work, we consider dephasing coupling with two types of environment with different spectral density: Ohmic and Lorentzian. We observe that, non-Markovian effects will be appear in the dynamics of quantum system $mathcal{S}$ by the interaction of quantum system $mathcal{A}$ with the environment. Given the fact that quantum speed limit time reduces due to non-Markovian effects, we show that disturbance effects will reduce the quantum speed limit time.
We establish a quantitative relation between Hardys paradox and the breaking of uncertainty principle in the sense of measurement-disturbance relations in the conditional measurement of non-commuting operators. The analysis of the inconsistency of local realism with entanglement by Hardy is simplified if this breaking of measurement-disturbance relations is taken into account, and a much simplified experimental test of local realism is illustrated in the framework of Hardys thought experiment. The essence of Hardys model is identified as a combination of two conditional measurements, which give rise to definite eigenvalues to two non-commuting operators simultaneously in hidden-variables models. Better understanding of the intimate interplay of entanglement and measurement-disturbance is crucial in the current discussions of Hardys paradox using the idea of weak measurement, which is based on a general analysis of measurement-disturbance relations.
Quantum walks (QW) are of crucial importance in the development of quantum information processing algorithms. Recently, several quantum algorithms have been proposed to implement network analysis, in particular to rank the centrality of nodes in networks represented by graphs. Employing QW in centrality ranking is advantageous comparing to certain widely used classical algorithms (e.g. PageRank) because QW approach can lift the vertex rank degeneracy in certain graphs. However, it is challenging to implement a directed graph via QW, since it corresponds to a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and thus cannot be accomplished by conventional QW. Here we report the realizations of centrality rankings of both a three-vertex and four-vertex directed graphs with parity-time (PT) symmetric quantum walks. To achieve this, we use high-dimensional photonic quantum states, optical circuitries consisting of multiple concatenated interferometers and dimension dependent loss. Importantly, we demonstrate the advantage of QW approach experimentally by breaking the vertex rank degeneracy in a four-vertex graph. Our work shows that PT-symmetric quantum walks may be useful for realizing advanced algorithm in a quantum network.
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