No Arabic abstract
We measured the ratio $P_{x}/P_{z}$ of the transverse to longitudinal components of polarization transferred from electrons to bound protons in $^{12}mathrm{C}$ by the $^{12}mathrm{C}(vec{e},evec{p})$ process at the Mainz Microtron (MAMI). We observed consistent deviations from unity of this ratio normalized to the free-proton ratio, $(P_{x}/P_{z})_{^{12}mathrm{C}}/(P_{x}/P_{z})_{^{1}mathrm{H}}$, for both $s$- and $p$-shell knocked out protons, even though they are embedded in averaged local densities that differ by about a factor of two. The dependence of the double ratio on proton virtuality is similar to the one for knocked out protons from $^{2}mathrm{H}$ and $^{4}mathrm{He}$, suggesting a universal behavior. It further implies no dependence on average local nuclear density.
Possible differences between free and bound protons may be observed in the ratio of polarization-transfer components, $P_x/P_z$. We report the measurement of $P_x/P_z$, in the $^2textrm{H}(vec{e},e^{prime}vec{p})n$ reaction at low and high missing momenta. Observed increasing deviation of $P_x/P_z$ from that of a free proton as a function of the virtuality, similar to that observed in hefour, indicates that the effect in nuclei is due to the virtuality of the knock-out proton and not due to the average nuclear density. The measured differences from calculations assuming free-proton form factors ($sim10%$), may indicate in-medium modifications.
We report the measurements of the transverse ($Px$) and longitudinal ($Pz$) components of the polarization transfer to a bound proton in carbon via the quasi-free $^{12}{rm C}(vec e,evec p)$ reaction, over a wide range of missing momenta. We determine these polarization-transfers separately for protons knocked out from the $s$- and $p$-shells. The electron-beam polarization was measured to determine the individual components with systematic uncertainties which allow a detailed comparison with theoretical calculations.
We report the first measurements of the transverse ($P_{x}$ and $P_{y}$) and longitudinal ($P_{z}$) components of the polarization transfer to a bound proton in the deuteron via the $^{2}mathrm{H}(vec{e},evec{p})$ reaction, over a wide range of missing momentum. A precise determination of the electron beam polarization reduces the systematic uncertainties on the individual components, to a level that enables a detailed comparison to a state-of-the-art calculation of the deuteron that uses free-proton electromagnetic form factors. We observe very good agreement between the measured and the calculated $P_{x}/P_{z}$ ratios, but deviations of the individual components. Our results cannot be explained by medium modified electromagnetic form factors. They point to an incomplete description of the nuclear reaction mechanism in the calculation.
We report the first measurement of the temperature dependence of muon transfer rate from $mu$p atoms to oxygen between 100 and 300 K. Data were obtained from the X-ray spectra of delayed events in gaseous target H$_2$/O$_2$ exposed to a muon beam. Based on the data, we determined the muon transfer energy dependence up to 0.1 eV, showing an 8-fold increase in contrast with the predictions of constant rate in the low energy limit. This work set constraints on theoretical models of muon transfer, and is of fundamental importance for the measurement of the hyperfine splitting of $mu$p by the FAMU collaboration.
This paper presents, for the first time, measurements of neutron transparency ratios for nuclei relative to C measured using the (e,en) reaction, spanning measured neutron momenta of 1.4 to 2.4 GeV/c. The transparency ratios were extracted in two kinematical regions, corresponding to knockout of mean-field nucleons and to the breakup of Short-Range Correlated nucleon pairs. The extracted neutron transparency ratios are consistent with each other for the two measured kinematical regions and agree with the proton transparencies extracted from new and previous (e,ep) measurements, including those from neutron-rich nuclei such as lead. The data also agree with and confirm the Glauber approximation that is commonly used to interpret experimental data. The nuclear-mass-dependence of the extracted transparencies scales as A^{alpha} with {alpha} = -0.289 {pm} 0.007, which is consistent with nuclear-surface dominance of the reactions.