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Register a new userSpin-orbital polarons in electron doped copper oxides
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Present work demonstrates the formation of spin-orbital polarons in electron doped copper oxides, that arise due to doping-induced polarisation of the oxygen orbitals in the CuO$_2$ planes. The concept of such polarons is fundamentally different from previous interpretations. The novel aspect of spin-orbit polarons is best described by electrons becoming self-trapped in one-dimensional channels created by polarisation of the oxygen orbitals. The one-dimensional channels form elongated filaments with two possible orientations, along the diagonals of the elementary CuO$_2$ square plaquette. As the density of doped electrons increases multiple filaments are formed. These may condense into a single percollating filamentary phase. Alternatively, the filaments may cross perpendicularly to create an interconnected conducting quasi-one-dimensional web. At low electron doping the antiferromagnetic (AFM) state and the polaron web coexist. As the doping is increased the web of filaments modifies and transforms the AFM correlations leading to a series of quantum phase transitions - which affect the normal and superconducting state properties.
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We study an effective one-dimensional (1D) orbital t-J model derived for strongly correlated e_g electrons in doped manganites. The ferromagnetic spin order at half filling is supported by orbital superexchange prop. to J which stabilizes orbital order with alternating x^2-y^2 and 3z^2-r^2 orbitals. In a doped system it competes with the kinetic energy prop. to t. When a single hole is doped to a half-filled chain, its motion is hindered and a localized orbital polaron is formed. An increasing doping generates either separated polarons or phase separation into hole-rich and hole-poor regions, and eventually polarizes the orbitals and gives a it metallic phase with occupied 3z^2-r^2 orbitals. This crossover, investigated by exact diagonalization at zero temperature, is demonstrated both by the behavior of correlation functions and by spectral properties, showing that the orbital chain with Ising superexchange is more classical and thus radically different from the 1D spin t-J model. At finite temperature we derive and investigate an effective 1D orbital model using a combination of exact diagonalization with classical Monte-Carlo for spin correlations. A competition between the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic spin order was established at half filling, and localized polarons were found for antiferromagnetic interactions at low hole doping. Finally, we clarify that the Jahn-Teller alternating potential stabilizes the orbital order with staggered orbitals, inducing the ferromagnetic spin order and enhancing the localized features in the excitation spectra. Implications of these findings for colossal magnetoresistance manganites are discussed.
Charge order has recently been identified as a leading competitor of high-temperature superconductivity in moderately doped cuprates. We provide a survey of universal and materials-specific aspects of this phenomenon, with emphasis on results obtained by scattering methods. In particular, we discuss the structure, periodicity, and stability range of the charge-ordered state, its response to various external perturbations, the influence of disorder, the coexistence and competition with superconductivity, as well as collective charge dynamics. In the context of this journal issue which honors Roger Cowleys legacy, we also discuss the connection of charge ordering with lattice vibrations and the central-peak phenomenon. We end the review with an outlook on research opportunities offered by new synthesis methods and experimental platforms, including cuprate thin films and superlattices.
The multielectron LDA+GTB approach has been developed to calculate electronic structure of strongly correlated cuprates. At low energies the effective Hamiltonian of the $t - t - t - {t_ bot } - {J^ * } - {J_ bot }$-model has been derived with parameters coming from the ab initio calculation for LSCO. The electronic structure of LSCO has been calculated self-consistently with the short-range antiferromagnetic order for various doping level. Two Lifshitz-type quantum phase transitions with Fermi surface topology changes have been found at dopings $x_{c1}=0.15$ and $x_{c2}=0.24$. Its effect on normal and superconducting properties has been calculated. The interatomic exchange parameter and its pressure dependence has been calculated within LDA+GTB scheme. The magnetic mechanisms of d-wave pairing induced by static and dynamical spin correlations are discussed. Simultaneous treatment of magnetic and phonon pairing results in the conclusion that both contributions are of the same order. For two layer cuprates like YBCO the interlayer hopping and exchange effects on the electronic structure and doping dependence of $T_c$ is discussed as well as the Coulomb interaction induced mechanism of pairing.
We explore the competiton of doped holes and defects that leads to the loss of orbital order in vanadate perovskites. In compounds such as La$_{1-{sf x}}$Ca$_{,sf x}$VO$_3$ spin and orbital order result from super-exchange interactions described by an extended three-orbital degenerate Hubbard-Hund model for the vanadium $t_{2g}$ electrons. Long-range Coulomb potentials of charged Ca$^{2+}$ defects and $e$-$e$ interactions control the emergence of defect states inside the Mott gap. The quadrupolar components of the Coulomb fields of doped holes induce anisotropic orbital rotations of degenerate orbitals. These rotations modify the spin-orbital polaron clouds and compete with orbital rotations induced by defects. Both mechanisms lead to a mixing of orbitals, and cause the suppression of the asymmetry of kinetic energy in the $C$-type magnetic phase. We find that the gradual decline of orbital order with doping, a characteristic feature of the vanadates, however, has its origin not predominantly in the charge carriers, but in the off-diagonal couplings of orbital rotations induced by the charges of the doped ions.
High-temperature (high-Tc) superconductivity in the copper oxides arises from electron or hole doping of their antiferromagnetic (AF) insulating parent compounds. The evolution of the AF phase with doping and its spatial coexistence with superconductivity are governed by the nature of charge and spin correlations and provide clues to the mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity. Here we use a combined neutron scattering and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) to study the Tc evolution of electron-doped superconducting Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4-delta obtained through the oxygen annealing process. We find that spin excitations detected by neutron scattering have two distinct modes that evolve with Tc in a remarkably similar fashion to the electron tunneling modes in STS. These results demonstrate that antiferromagnetism and superconductivity compete locally and coexist spatially on nanometer length scales, and the dominant electron-boson coupling at low energies originates from the electron-spin excitations.
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