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Register a new userThe path to high-energy electron-positron colliders: from Wideroes betatron to Touscheks AdA and to LEP
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Giulia Pancheri Dr.
Publication date
2017
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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We describe the road which led to the construction and exploitation of electron positron colliders, hightlighting how the young physics student Bruno Touschek met the Norwegian engineer Rolf Wideroe in Germany, during WWII, and collaborated in building the 15 MeV betatron, a secret project directed by Wideroe and financed by the Ministry of Aviation of the Reich. This is how Bruno Touschek learnt the science of making particle accelerators and was ready, many years later, to propose and build AdA, the first electron positron collider, in Frascati, Italy, in 1960. We shall then see how AdA was brought from Frascati to Orsay, in France. Taking advantage of the Orsay Linear Accelerator as injector, the Franco-Italian team was able to prove that collisions had taken place, opening the way to the use of particle colliders as a mean to explore high energy physics.
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We describe how the first direct observation of electron-positron collisions took place in 1963-1964 at the Laboratoire de lAccelerateur Lineaire dOrsay, in France, with the storage ring AdA, which had been proposed and constructed in the Italian National Laboratories of Frascati in 1960, under the guidance of Bruno Touschek. The obstacles and successes of the two and a half years during which the feasibility of electron-positron colliders was proved will be illustrated using archival and forgotten documents, in addition to transcripts from interviews with Carlo Bernardini, Peppino Di Giugno, Mario Fascetti, Francois Lacoste, and Jacques Haissinski.
We show that the accumulated LEP-II data taken at $sqrt{s} =$ 130 to 206 GeV can establish more restrictive bounds on doubly charged bileptons couplings and masses than any other experiment so far. We also analyze the discovery potential of a prospective linear collider operating in both $e^+ e^-$ and $e gamma$ modes.
New heavy charged lepton production and decay signatures at future electron-positron colliders are investigated at $sqrt {s}=500$ GeV. The consequences of model dependence for vector singlets and vector doublets are studied. Distributions are calculated including hadronization effects and experimental cuts that suppress the standard model background. The final state leptonic energy distributions are shown to give a very clear signature for heavy charged leptons.
An outline of the physics reasons to pursue a future programme in high-energy colliders is presented.
The associated production of a $Z^{prime}$ and a final hard photon in high energy electron-positron colliders is studied. It is shown that the hard photon spectrum contains useful information on the $Z^{prime}$ properties. This remark suggests that, if a new neutral gauge boson exists for $M_{Z^{prime}} < sqrt{s}$, it will not be necessary to make a new energy run at the $Z^{prime}$ mass in order to get most of its properties.
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